Analyses of platinum group elements in mosses as indicators of road traffic emissions in Austria
Analyses of platinum group elements in mosses as indicators of road traffic emissions in Austria
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.018
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发表时间：
2006-12
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
H. Zechmeister;H. Hagendorfer;D. Hohenwallner;A. Hanus-Illnar;A. Riss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Zechmeister;H. Hagendorfer;D. Hohenwallner;A. Hanus-Illnar;A. Riss
分析了奥地利12条公路上32个采样点苔藓中铂族元素(PGE；铂、钯、铑)和其他17种元素的含量。这项研究包括对自然生长的苔藓进行被动监测，实验设计使用了隧道实验中暴露的苔藓样本。用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ELAN DRC II，Perkin Elmer SCIEX)按EN ISO 17294-2 T1.29分析PGE(铂、钯、Rh)。5种苔藓植物的PGES平均含量分别为：PT7.07±9.97，PD2.8±5.2，Rh 0.6±0.8ngg−1干重。这与通过测量汽油汽车催化剂排放量或空气中颗粒物(<；10μm)得出的数据相当。与公路沿线的土壤和道路灰尘相比，苔藓的浓度低10倍，与草本植物的浓度相当或略高。各PGE之间的比值计算如下(平均值)：Pt/Pd 7.9±10.2，Pt/Rh 12.6±8.3，Pd/Rh 3.7±2.2。轻型车辆(3.5t)的数量和与道路的距离是影响PGE浓度的主要因素。Pt值与主要来源于道路交通排放的Sb、Cd、Cd和Cd(由大到小)之间存在较强的相关性。聚类分析(围绕Medoids方法)分离了主要来自土壤灰尘(Ca，Al)的元素。对pge的空间沉积模式的分析表明，随着距离道路的增加，浓度呈倒数递减，在10到200米之间的距离达到背景值，有时甚至更远，但不在我们调查的空间范围内。
The concentrations of platinum group elements (PGE; platinum, palladium, rhodium) and 17 other elements in mosses growing at 32 sampling sites along 12 roads in Austria were analysed. The study included passive monitoring of naturally growing mosses with an experimental design using mosses samples exposed in a tunnel experiment. PGEs (Pt, Pd, Rh) were analysed by ICP-MS (ELAN DRC II, Perkin Elmer SCIEX) according to EN ISO 17294-2 Tl.29. Mean concentrations of PGEs in five moss species were: Pt 7.07±9.97, Pd 2.8±5.2 und Rh 0.6±0.8ngg−1dry weight. This is comparable to data derived from measurements of gasoline autocatalyst emissions or airborne particles (<10μm). Compared to soils and road dust along highways, concentrations in mosses were lower by a factor of ten, compared to grasses they were comparable or somewhat higher. The ratios between the various PGEs were calculated as follows (mean values): Pt/Pd 7.9±10.2, Pt/Rh 12.6±8.3 and Pd/Rh 3.7±2.2. The number of light duty vehicles (<3.5t) and the distance from the road were the main influential factors for PGE concentrations. Especially strong correlations could be found between Pt and Sb, Cu, Zn, and Cd (in decreasing order), which are all elements derived mainly from road traffic emissions. Cluster analysis (Partioning Around Medoids Method) separated elements derived mainly from soil dust (Ca, Al). An analysis of spatial deposition patterns of PGEs showed a reciprocal decrease of concentrations with increasing distance from the road, reaching background values at distances between 10 and 200m, sometimes even more, but outside the spatial range of our investigation.