Through the Looking Glass Clearly: Accuracy and Assumed Similarity in Well-Adjusted Individuals' First Impressions
Through the Looking Glass Clearly: Accuracy and Assumed Similarity in Well-Adjusted Individuals' First Impressions
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DOI：
10.1037/a0021850
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Biesanz, Jeremy C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Human, Lauren J.;Biesanz, Jeremy C.
适应良好的人对他人的洞察是否特别准确，或者他们是否存在偏见，主要是在别人身上看到了自己的特点？在目前的研究中，作者研究了心理调整的个体如何倾向于看到新的熟人，直接比较了他们在与众不同的准确性(准确地感知他人的独特特征)、规范的准确性(感知他人与普通人相似)和假设相似性(感知他人与自己相似)方面的水平。在两项互动的循环研究中，与适应能力较差的人相比，适应能力较强的人并不能更准确地感知新认识的人的独特特征，但平均而言，他们确实认为新认识的人与普通人相似，这反映了他们对人们通常倾向于什么样子的准确理解。此外，适应良好的人有一种偏见的倾向，认为自己在别人身上有独特的特点。值得注意的是，预先存在的感知者调整和特定目标喜好都独立地预测了第一印象中更高的准确性和假设的相似性。总而言之，适应良好的人看得很清楚：尽管他们错误地认为别人拥有自己的独特特征，但他们准确地理解了别人通常是什么样的。
Do well-adjusted individuals have particularly accurate insight into what others are like or are they biased, primarily seeing their own characteristics in others? In the current studies, the authors examined how psychologically adjusted individuals tend to see new acquaintances, directly comparing their levels of distinctive accuracy (accurately perceiving others' unique characteristics), normative accuracy (perceiving others as similar to the average person), and assumed similarity (perceiving others as similar to the self). Across two interactive, round-robin studies, well-adjusted individuals, compared with less adjusted individuals, did not perceive new acquaintances' unique characteristics more accurately but did perceive new acquaintances, on average, as similar to the average person, reflecting an accurate understanding of what people generally tend to be like. Furthermore, well-adjusted individuals had a biased tendency to perceive their own unique characteristics in others. Of note, both pre-existing perceiver adjustment and target-specific liking independently predicted greater accuracy and assumed similarity in first impressions. In sum, well-adjusted individuals see through the looking glass clearly: although they erroneously see others as possessing their own unique characteristics, they accurately understand what others generally tend to be like.