BcAtf1, a global regulator, controls various differentiation processes and phytotoxin production in Botrytis cinerea.
BcAtf1, a global regulator, controls various differentiation processes and phytotoxin production in Botrytis cinerea.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00778.x
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发表时间：
2012-09
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Nora Temme;B. Oeser;Michelli Massaroli;Jens Heller;A. Simon;I. Collado;M. Viaud;P. Tudzynski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nora Temme;B. Oeser;Michelli Massaroli;Jens Heller;A. Simon;I. Collado;M. Viaud;P. Tudzynski
已知在哺乳动物和几种真菌中，atf1同源碱性区亮氨酸拉链（bZIP）转录因子在应激激活的丝裂原激活蛋白激酶（SAPK）级联的下游起作用；它们调节与一般应激反应有关的基因转录。BcAtf1在灰葡萄孢中的功能分析表明，它也与SAPK BcSak1相连，因为它共享几个应激反应靶基因。然而，Δbcatf1突变体不像Δbcsak1突变体那样对渗透或氧化应激过敏。BcSak1和BcAtf1都是分化的调节因子，但它们在这些过程中的作用几乎是相反的，因为与Δbcsak1相比，Δbcatf1突变体在分生孢子产生方面明显受损，并且不分化任何菌核。它们在无性系培养中表现出极其旺盛的生长，具有厚厚的空中菌丝层，在不同寄主植物和组织上的定殖效率显著提高。此外，对细胞壁干扰剂的敏感性显著提高。微阵列分析表明，BcAtf1的缺失会导致广泛的转录变化：除了应激反应基因外，BcAtf1还会影响一系列基因的表达，这些基因可能与初级代谢、细胞壁合成和发育有关。出乎意料的是，BcAtf1还控制着次生代谢：突变体含有显著升高的植物毒素水平。这些数据表明，BcAtf1控制着多种细胞过程，具有广泛的调控功能。
Atf1-homologous basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are known to act downstream of the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade in mammals, as well as in several fungi; they regulate the transcription of genes involved in the general stress response. Functional analyses of BcAtf1 in Botrytis cinerea show that it is also connected to the SAPK BcSak1, as it shares several stress response target genes. However, Δbcatf1 mutants are not hypersensitive to osmotic or oxidative stress, as are Δbcsak1 mutants. Both BcSak1 and BcAtf1 are regulators of differentiation, but their roles in these processes are almost inverse as, in contrast with Δbcsak1, Δbcatf1 mutants are significantly impaired in conidia production and do not differentiate any sclerotia. They show extremely vigorous growth in axenic culture, with a thick layer of aerial hyphae and a marked increase in colonization efficiency on different host plants and tissues. In addition, the sensitivity to cell wall-interfering agents is increased strongly. Microarray analyses demonstrate that the loss of BcAtf1 leads to extensive transcriptional changes: apart from stress response genes, the expression of a broad set of genes, probably involved in primary metabolism, cell wall synthesis and development, is affected by BcAtf1. Unexpectedly, BcAtf1 also controls secondary metabolism: the mutant contains significantly elevated levels of phytotoxins. These data indicate that BcAtf1 controls a diversity of cellular processes and has broad regulatory functions.