Diagnostics for COVID-19: moving from pandemic response to control.
Diagnostics for COVID-19: moving from pandemic response to control.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02346-1
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发表时间：
2022-02-19
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Garcia PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peeling RW;Heymann DL;Teo YY;Garcia PJ
事实证明，诊断对新冠肺炎大流行的应对至关重要。有三种检测SARS-CoV-2感染的主要方法，它们的作用在大流行过程中发生了变化。诸如聚合酶链式反应之类的分子检测在检测病毒RNA方面具有高度的敏感性和特异性，世卫组织建议将其用于确认有症状的个人的诊断并启动公共卫生措施。抗原快速检测检测病毒蛋白，尽管它们不如分子检测那么敏感，但它的优点是更容易做，结果更快，成本更低，并且能够检测到那些最有可能将病毒传播给其他人的人的感染。抗原快速检测测试可作为一种公共卫生工具，用于筛查感染风险增加的个人，保护临床上易受感染的人，确保安全旅行和恢复学校教育和社会活动，并使经济得以复苏。随着疫苗的推出，抗体检测(检测宿主对感染或接种疫苗的反应)可以成为向公共政策提供信息的有用监测工具，但不应被用来提供免疫证据，因为保护的相关性尚不清楚。所有三种类型的新冠肺炎检测在从大流行应对向大流行控制的过渡中继续发挥关键作用。
Diagnostics have proven to be crucial to the COVID-19 pandemic response. There are three major methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and their role has evolved during the course of the pandemic. Molecular tests such as PCR are highly sensitive and specific at detecting viral RNA, and are recommended by WHO for confirming diagnosis in individuals who are symptomatic and for activating public health measures. Antigen rapid detection tests detect viral proteins and, although they are less sensitive than molecular tests, have the advantages of being easier to do, giving a faster time to result, of being lower cost, and able to detect infection in those who are most likely to be at risk of transmitting the virus to others. Antigen rapid detection tests can be used as a public health tool for screening individuals at enhanced risk of infection, to protect people who are clinically vulnerable, to ensure safe travel and the resumption of schooling and social activities, and to enable economic recovery. With vaccine roll-out, antibody tests (which detect the host's response to infection or vaccination) can be useful surveillance tools to inform public policy, but should not be used to provide proof of immunity, as the correlates of protection remain unclear. All three types of COVID-19 test continue to have a crucial role in the transition from pandemic response to pandemic control.