A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: II. Conceptual and theoretical foundations.
A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: II. Conceptual and theoretical foundations.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0029334
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发表时间：
2012-11
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
van Leeuwen, Cees
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wagemans, Johan;Feldman, Jacob;Gepshtein, Sergei;Kimchi, Ruth;Pomerantz, James R.;van der Helm, Peter A.;van Leeuwen, Cees
我们在完形心理学百年纪念之际发表的第一篇评论文章关注的是知觉分组和图形-背景组织。它的结论是，要取得进一步的进展，就需要重新考虑本文所提供的完形方法的概念和理论基础。特别是，我们回顾了信息处理框架内的整体论的当代表述，允许操作定义（例如，整体维度、涌现特征、结构优势、全局优先、整体/结构属性的首要性）和对其心理含义的精细理解（例如，在注意力、知觉和决策的层面上）。我们还审查了四条线的理论进展Prägnanz定律的大脑的倾向被吸引到最简单的可能的组织相对应的国家，鉴于可用的刺激。第一个认为大脑是一个复杂的自适应系统，并解释了自组织如何解决感知状态的鲁棒性和灵活性之间的交易难题。第二个指定的经济原则，在神经资源的优化方面，表明独立工作的基本传感器，以最大限度地减少不确定性，可以在系统级的最佳响应。第三个考虑完形如何感知（例如，组、对象）在给定可用刺激的情况下是最优的，其中最优性在贝叶斯术语中指定。第四，结构信息理论解释了专注于内部编码效率的完形视觉系统如何产生外部真实性作为副作用。要回答为什么事物看起来是这样的这个基本问题，需要进一步综合这些互补的观点。
Our first review paper on the occasion of the centennial anniversary of Gestalt psychology focused on perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization. It concluded that further progress requires a reconsideration of the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the Gestalt approach, which is provided here. In particular, we review contemporary formulations of holism within an information-processing framework, allowing for operational definitions (e.g., integral dimensions, emergent features, configural superiority, global precedence, primacy of holistic/configural properties) and a refined understanding of its psychological implications (e.g., at the level of attention, perception, and decision). We also review four lines of theoretical progress regarding the law of Prägnanz—the brain’s tendency of being attracted towards states corresponding to the simplest possible organization, given the available stimulation. The first considers the brain as a complex adaptive system and explains how self-organization solves the conundrum of trading between robustness and flexibility of perceptual states. The second specifies the economy principle in terms of optimization of neural resources, showing that elementary sensors working independently to minimize uncertainty can respond optimally at the system level. The third considers how Gestalt percepts (e.g., groups, objects) are optimal given the available stimulation, with optimality specified in Bayesian terms. Fourth, Structural Information Theory explains how a Gestaltist visual system that focuses on internal coding efficiency yields external veridicality as a side-effect. To answer the fundamental question of why things look as they do, a further synthesis of these complementary perspectives is required.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
ATTNEAVE, F
通讯作者：
ATTNEAVE, F
DOI：
10.1007/bf00290512
发表时间：
1972-01-01
期刊：
KYBERNETIK
影响因子：
--
作者：
BORSELLINO, A;ALLAZETTA, A;DEMARCO, A
通讯作者：
DEMARCO, A
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Barlow, H B
通讯作者：
Barlow, H B
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Claessens, Peter M. E.;Wagemans, Johan
通讯作者：
Wagemans, Johan
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
BURT, P;SPERLING, G
通讯作者：
SPERLING, G