Engineering creativity - how to measure it?
Engineering creativity - how to measure it?
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工程创造力——如何衡量？
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
I. Belski
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文献类型：
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作者：
I. Belski
几个世纪以来，上下文学者们一直对创造力的来源和提高创造力的方法感兴趣。人类创造力的领域已经被广泛研究了100多年。尽管如此，研究人员既没有就创造力的定义达成一致，也没有就衡量创造力的适当方法达成一致(Lubart&Besancon，2016；Simonton，2016)。一些学者认为创造力在不同的领域意味着不同的东西(Baer，2016；Weisberg，2006)，并认为衡量创造力的定义和方法需要特定于领域。目的明确工程创造力的定义，设计评价工程创造力的标准和方法，对21世纪工程师的培养具有重要意义。除非工程教育者能够准确地衡量学生的创造力技能，否则他们将无法建立培养创造力技能的方法。方法回顾了技术领域中与创造力相关的研究文献，以确定创造力是如何定义的，以及如何在工程中衡量创造力。分析了专利可专利性和专利作者身份的法律依据。结果提出了工程专业创造力的定义：“工程创造力是指为开放式问题产生新的解决方案的能力，这些想法对某一工程学科的专家来说不是显而易见的，而是他们认为可能有用的。”建议通过让受试者参与产生开放式问题的想法并计算(I)受试者提出的独立想法的数量以及(Ii)这些想法的广度来衡量工程创造力。有人认为，MATCEMIB的八个维度(机械、声学、热、化学、电、磁、分子间和生物)是最适合‘计算’思想广度的方法。
CONTEXT Scholars have been interested in sources of creativity and the ways to enhance it for centuries. The domain of human creativity has been extensively researched for over 100 years. Nonetheless, the researchers have neither agreed on the definition of creativity nor on the proper methodologies to measure it (Lubart & Besancon, 2016; Simonton, 2016). Some scholars suggested that creativity means different things in different domains (Baer, 2016; Weisberg, 2006) and argued that the definitions and the means to measure creativity need to be domain specific. PURPOSE Establishing the definition of engineering creativity and devising the criteria and the means to assess it is of utmost importance for the development of engineers for the 21st Century. Unless engineering educators are able to accurately measure creativity skills of their students, they will be unable to establish ways to nurture creativity skills. APPROACH Research literature relevant to creativity in the domain of technology is reviewed in order to establish how creativity is defined and how it is measured in engineering. Legal grounds of patentability and patent authorship are analysed. RESULTS The following definition of creativity for the engineering profession is proposed: "Engineering creativity is the ability to generate novel solution ideas for open-ended problems, ideas that are not obvious to experts in a particular engineering discipline and that are considered by them as potentially useful". It is proposed to measure engineering creativity by engaging subjects in generating ideas for open-ended problems and counting (i) the number of independent ideas proposed by the subject as well as (ii) the breadth of these ideas. It has been posited that the eight dimensions of MATCEMIB (Mechanical, Acoustic, Thermal, Chemical, Electric, Magnetic, Intermolecular and Biological) is the most suitable means to 'count' the breadth of ideas.