Hepatitis E Virus
Hepatitis E Virus
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DOI：
10.1002/9781119436812.ch68
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发表时间：
2020-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
X. Meng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
X. Meng
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是戊型肝炎的病原体，是一种重要的人类病原体，但研究非常不足。本章重点介绍人畜共患3型和4型HEV及其相关疾病的流行病学、传播、动物宿主和跨种属感染。在发展中国家和工业化国家的个体中也报告了血源性HEV传播。大多数HEV感染是亚临床的，并且一部分感染个体发展为自限性急性病毒性肝炎，但急性疾病通常不会进入慢性。然而，慢性戊型肝炎已成为一个新兴的和重要的临床问题，在免疫功能低下的个人。除肝脏外，还报告了HEV感染的肝外表现。许多神经系统疾病，包括格林-巴利综合征、神经痛性肌萎缩、脑炎和肌萎缩，已令人信服地与人畜共患基因型3型HEV感染有关，在较小程度上与基因型1和4型HEV感染有关。
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of hepatitis E, is an important but extremely understudied human pathogen. This chapter focuses on the epidemiology, transmission, animal reservoirs, and cross‐species infection of the zoonotic genotypes 3 and 4 HEV and their associated diseases. Bloodborne HEV transmission has also been reported in individuals in both developing and industrialized countries. The majority of HEV infections are subclinical, and a proportion of the infected individuals develop a self‐limiting acute viral hepatitis, but the acute disease generally does not go into chronicity. However, chronic hepatitis E has become an emerging and significant clinical problem in immunocompromised individuals. In addition to the liver, extrahepatic manifestations of HEV infection have also been reported. Numerous neurological diseases including Guillain‐Barre syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy, encephalitis, and myelitis have been convincingly linked to zoonotic genotype 3 HEV infection and, to lesser extent, genotype 1 and 4 HEV infections.