Collective motion in a sheet of microswimmers

Collective motion in a sheet of microswimmers
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微型游泳者的集体运动

DOI:
10.1038/s42005-024-01587-9
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发表时间:
2024
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Bárdfalvy D
Bárdfalvy D
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bárdfalvy D

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在流体中游动的细菌或藻类等自驱动粒子是非平衡系统,粒子的运动打破了微观的细节平衡,通常导致大规模的集体运动。先前的理论工作已经确定,远程流体动力相互作用是后驱动(“推动器”)微型游泳器无界悬架中集体运动的驱动力。相比之下,大多数关于微型游泳者悬浮液中集体运动的实验研究都是在受限的几何形状中进行的,其中游泳者的运动及其远程流场都会由于边界的接近而发生改变。在这里,我们在数值上研究了这种受限几何结构中微型游泳器的最小模型,其中粒子在两个防滑壁之间的中平面内移动。对于推动者,我们展示了短程有序的集体运动,与无界系统中观察到的长程流动形成鲜明对比。对于前驱动(“拉动”)微型游泳器,我们发现长波长密度不稳定性导致密集微型游泳器簇的形成。这两种类型的集体运动与之前研究的无界域中的对应运动有着根本的不同。我们的结果表明,这种差异是由游泳者运动的几何限制决定的,而由于墙壁的存在而导致的流体动力学筛选在确定悬架的集体状态方面占次要地位。
Self-propelled particles such as bacteria or algae swimming through a fluid are non-equilibrium systems where particle motility breaks microscopic detailed balance, often resulting in large-scale collective motion. Previous theoretical work has identified long-ranged hydrodynamic interactions as the driver of collective motion in unbounded suspensions of rear-actuated (“pusher”) microswimmers. In contrast, most experimental studies of collective motion in microswimmer suspensions have been carried out in restricted geometries where both the swimmers’ motion and their long-range flow fields become altered due to the proximity of a boundary. Here, we study numerically a minimal model of microswimmers in such a restricted geometry, where the particles move in the midplane between two no-slip walls. For pushers, we demonstrate collective motion with short-ranged order, in contrast with the long-ranged flows observed in unbounded systems. For front-actuated (“puller”) microswimmers, we discover a long-wavelength density instability resulting in the formation of dense microswimmer clusters. Both types of collective motion are fundamentally different from their previously studied counterparts in unbounded domains. Our results show that this difference is dictated by the geometrical restriction of the swimmers’ motion, while hydrodynamic screening due to the presence of a wall is subdominant in determining the suspension’s collective state.
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发表时间: 2013
期刊: Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2015
影响因子: 3.7
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