THE POPULATION CONSEQUENCES OF LIFE HISTORY PHENOMENA
THE POPULATION CONSEQUENCES OF LIFE HISTORY PHENOMENA
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DOI：
10.1086/400074
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发表时间：
1954-01-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
COLE, LC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COLE, LC
现存物种表现出多种多样的生命史特征，如总繁殖力、最长寿命和繁殖和死亡的统计年龄表。对于每一种情况，都有一组明确确定的人口后果，这些后果将由于坚持特定的生活史而产生。这些种群现象可能在许多方面与一个物种在变化的自然环境中生存或与其他物种竞争的能力有关。当个体生物的生活史模式被认为是固定的时候，就有可能计算出任何初始种群在未来任何时候所产生的种群的确切规模和组成。对改变任何生命史特征的结果作出精确的评估是可能的。从精确的计算方法开始，已经表明，早期的人口增长可能表现出循环成分的不规则性，这些循环成分可以用代数方程的负根或复根来识别，但这些成分随着时间的推移而消失，因此潜在的人口增长最终是一个几何级数。随着这一事实的确立，它表明，精确的计算方法导致相同的结论时，考虑到长时间尺度，这是有兴趣的适应和进化的考虑。通过考虑潜在人口增长形式而得出的公式，对一些具有生态意义的生活史模式进行了检查和比较。
Living species exhibit great diversity of patterns of such life history features as total fecundity, maximum longevity, and statistical age schedules of reproduction and death. For each of these there is a definitely determined set of population consequences which would result from adherence to the specific life history. These population phenomena may be related in numerous ways to the ability of a species to survive in a changed physical environment or in competition with other species. It is possible to compute the exact size and composition of the population which at any future time would be produced by any initial population when the life-history pattern of the individual organism is regarded as fixed. It is possible to make an exact evaluation of the results of changing any life-history feature. Starting with exact computational methods, it has been shown that early population growth may exhibit irregularities of cyclic components which are identifiable with negative or complex roots of an algebraic equation, but that these components vanish in time, so that potential population growth is ultimately a geometric progression. With this fact established it is shown that the exact computational methods lead to identical conclusions when considered over the long time scale which is of interest in adaptational and evolutionary considerations. Some life-history patterns of ecological interest are examined and compared by means of formulas derived from a consideration of the form of potential population growth.