Bridging youth and gender studies to analyse rural young women and men's livelihood pathways in Central Uganda
Bridging youth and gender studies to analyse rural young women and men's livelihood pathways in Central Uganda
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.01.020
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Groot (Jeroen), J. C. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rietveld (Anne), A. M.;van der Burg (Margreet), M.;Groot (Jeroen), J. C. J.
许多发展中国家目前正在经历重大的人口变化，因为青年人在总人口中所占的比例迅速增加。这种转变与高移徙率、失业率和不稳定有关。在政策论述中，让青年参与商业农业往往被视为控制甚至遏制这些趋势的一项措施。乌干达是世界上人口最年轻的国家之一，我们调查了年轻人自己是否认为务农是一种选择。我们研究了乌干达中部农村出生的青年男女的生计途径，特别是：1）他们的愿望，2）这些愿望与农业相关的程度，以及3）性别在塑造他们的机会空间中的重要性。数据包括对来自乌干达中部同一农村社区的8名年轻男性和8名年轻女性的深入访谈（2017年），并得到2010年至2014年收集的三个额外数据集的支持;在同一地点进行的一项定性案例研究（2014年）和2010年在乌干达中部三个农村地点收集的两个调查数据集（N = 199）2012年（N = 54）。我们的调查结果表明，很大一部分青年是从农村社区向外移徙的，其中青年妇女移徙的次数多于青年男子。务农很少是一种愿望，但无论性别或居住地如何，大多数青年男女确实以某种方式从事农业。不过，男女参与的性质不同，年轻妇女特别避免从事商业性农业。通过分析青年男女的机会空间，我们揭示了他们的生计途径如何与一系列维持性别不平等的规范性和结构性制约因素联系在一起。例如，青年妇女的资源基础（土地）较弱，性别规范阻碍了青年妇女独立从事商业（农业）活动。为了促进青年男子，特别是妇女参与商业性农业，必须承认这些模式及其潜在的结构性性别差异。
Many development countries are currently undergoing major demographic shifts as the percentage of young people of the total population rapidly increases. This shift is associated with high rates of migration, unemployment and instability. In policy discourses, engaging youth in commercial agricultural is often presented as a measure to control or even counter these trends. In Uganda, a country with one of the youngest populations in the world, we investigated whether young people themselves see a career in farming as an option. We studied the livelihood pathways of rural-born young men and women from Central Uganda and in particular; 1) their aspirations, 2) the extent to which these aspirations are associated with agriculture, and 3) the importance of gender in shaping their opportunity spaces. Data consisted of in-depth interviews with 8 young men and 8 young women originating from the same rural community in Central Uganda (2017) and was supported by three additional datasets collected between 2010 and 2014; one qualitative case-study conducted in the same site (2014) and two survey datasets collected in three rural sites in Central Uganda in 2010 (N = 199) and 2012 (N = 54). Our findings suggest a large proportion of youth out-migrating from the rural communities, with young women migrating more often than young men. Farming was seldom an aspiration but irrespective of sex or residence most young men and women did remain engaged in agriculture in some way. The nature of the engagement was different for men and women though, with young women specifically refraining from commercial agriculture. By analyzing the opportunity space of young men and women, we uncovered how their livelihood pathways were linked to a set of normative and structural constraints maintaining gender inequality. Examples were young women's weaker resource base (land) and gender norms which discourage young women's independent commercial (agricultural) activities. To advance the engagement of young men and especially women in commercial agriculture, it is important to acknowledge these patterns and their underlying structural gender differences.