Reward-enhancing effects of d-amphetamine and its interactions with nicotine were greater in female rats and persisted across schedules of reinforcement.
Reward-enhancing effects of d-amphetamine and its interactions with nicotine were greater in female rats and persisted across schedules of reinforcement.
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DOI：
10.1097/fbp.0000000000000637
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发表时间：
2021-08-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Bevins RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McNealy KR;Ramsay ME;Barrett ST;Bevins RA
尼古丁增强了环境刺激和奖励的价值，而奖励增强可以维持尼古丁的消耗。像d-安非他明这样的兴奋剂更容易被女性滥用，并且通常与尼古丁一起使用。在人类和动物研究中，d-安非他明增强了尼古丁的作用。到目前为止，还没有发表的研究探讨这种相互作用的奖励增强任务。目前的研究旨在调查尼古丁与d-苯丙胺一起或共同给药的奖励增强效应。此外，我们评估了奖励增强的持续性，跨比率和强化的时间表。我们使用10只雄性和10只雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠。通过在可变比率3、可变间隔30秒和可变时间30秒-可变比率3时间表上检查视觉刺激增强器的主动杠杆按压来评估受试者内的增强。在一个小时的疗程之前，大鼠接受一次注射生理盐水，0.1或0.3 mg/kg的d-苯丙胺和一次注射生理盐水或0.4 mg/kg的尼古丁，使六种可能的药物组合（生理盐水+生理盐水，生理盐水+尼古丁，0.1 d-安非他明+生理盐水，0.1 d-安非他明+尼古丁，0.3 d-安非他明+生理盐水，和0.3D-安非他明+尼古丁）。当d-安非他明与尼古丁共同给药时，我们发现奖励增强的相互作用效应持续存在于整个强化时间表中。男性和女性表现出奖励增强0.3 d-苯丙胺，而只有女性表现出奖励增强0.1 d-苯丙胺。此外，女性比男性在所有的d-安非他明条件下的视觉刺激的反应。未来的研究应评估奖励增强是如何参与高尼古丁-苯丙胺共代谢率和妇女苯丙胺滥用增加。
Nicotine enhances the value of environmental stimuli and rewards, and reward-enhancement can maintain nicotine consumption. Stimulants such as d-amphetamine are misused more by women and are commonly co-used with nicotine. d-Amphetamine potentiates nicotine’s effects in human and animal research. To date, there are no published studies examining this interaction in a reward-enhancement task. The current study sought to investigate the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine alongside and co-administered with d-amphetamine. Further, we evaluated the persistence of reward-enhancement across ratio and temporal schedules of reinforcement. We used 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats. Enhancement was assessed within-subjects by examining active lever pressing for a visual stimulus reinforcer on Variable Ratio 3, Variable Interval 30s, and Variable Time 30s-Variable Ratio 3 schedules. Before one-hour sessions, rats received one injection of saline, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg d-amphetamine and one of saline or 0.4 mg/kg nicotine, making six possible drug combinations (saline + saline, saline + nicotine, 0.1 d-amphetamine + saline, 0.1 d-amphetamine + nicotine, 0.3 d-amphetamine + saline, and 0.3 d-amphetamine + nicotine) experienced in a randomized order by each rat. When d-amphetamine was co-administered with nicotine, we found an interaction effect on reward-enhancement that persisted across schedules of reinforcement. Males and females exhibited reward-enhancement by 0.3 d-amphetamine, while only females showed reward-enhancement by 0.1 d-amphetamine. Further, females responded more for the visual stimulus than males in all d-amphetamine conditions. Future studies should assess how reward-enhancement is involved in high nicotine-amphetamine comorbidity rates and enhanced amphetamine misuse in women.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Body, S.;Cheung, T. H. C.;Hampson, C. L.;den Boon, F. S.;Bezzina, G.;Fone, K. C. F.;Bradshaw, C. M.;Szabadi, E.
通讯作者：
Szabadi, E.