Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variations in Qinghai Lake in China
Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variations in Qinghai Lake in China
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DOI：
10.3390/w11102136
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发表时间：
2019-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jianmei Fang;Guijing Li;M. Rubinato;Guoqin Ma;Jinxing Zhou;G. Jia;Xinxiao Yu;Henian Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jianmei Fang;Guijing Li;M. Rubinato;Guoqin Ma;Jinxing Zhou;G. Jia;Xinxiao Yu;Henian Wang
青海湖是青藏高原最大的内陆盐湖。气候变化和人类活动引起的集水区变化是湖泊水位（Δh）剧烈变化的主要驱动因素;因此，更好地了解这些现象造成的影响至关重要。然而，它们各自对青海湖水位变化的贡献和影响仍然不清楚，如果不对它们进行定性，就无法实施更有效的湖泊保护和管理的有针对性的措施。在本文中，1960-2016年期间监测的数据（例如，气象和土地利用数据）进行了分析，通过应用多种技术来填补这一空白，并估计记录的每个参数对水位变化（Δh）的贡献。结果表明，青海湖水位在1960 - 2004年期间呈下降趋势，此后由于蒸发率、降水量以及与气候变化和流域改造相关的地表径流量的变化，青海湖水位持续上升。气候变化是影响青海湖水位变化的主要原因，研究结果表明，93.13%的水位变化可归因于气候变化，而流域变化则占6.87%。这是一个非常重要的成果，因为全球变暖显然对这一敏感和易受影响的地区产生了深远影响，影响到青藏高原最大内陆湖的水文过程。
Qinghai Lake is the largest inland saline lake on the Tibetan Plateau. Climate change and catchment modifications induced by human activities are the main drivers playing a significant role in the dramatic variation of water levels in the lake (Δh); hence, it is crucial to provide a better understanding of the impacts caused by these phenomena. However, their respective contribution to and influence on water level variations in Qinghai Lake are still unclear and without characterizing them, targeted measures for a more efficient conservation and management of the lake cannot be implemented. In this paper, data monitored during the period 1960–2016 (e.g., meteorological and land use data) have been analyzed by applying multiple techniques to fill this gap and estimate the contribution of each parameter recorded to water level variations (Δh). Results obtained have demonstrated that the water level of Qinghai Lake declined between 1960 and 2004, and since then has risen continuously and gradually, due to the changes in evaporation rates, precipitation and consequently surface runoff associated with climate change effects and catchment modifications. The authors have also pinpointed that climate change is the main leading cause impacting the water level in Qinghai Lake because results demonstrated that 93.13% of water level variations can be attributable to it, while the catchment modifications are responsible for 6.87%. This is a very important outcome in the view of the fact that global warming clearly had a profound impact in this sensitive and responsive region, affecting hydrological processes in the largest inland lake of the Tibetan Plateau.