Microwave-water bath hubrid warming for frozen cryoprotectant solution using a helical antenna
Microwave-water bath hubrid warming for frozen cryoprotectant solution using a helical antenna
复制标题
使用螺旋天线微波水浴混合加热冷冻冷冻保护剂溶液
作者：
Hailing Ruan;Tao Wang;Cai Gao
背景技术背景：由于冷却过程中结晶和复温过程中失透/重结晶引起的溶质浓度和热应力造成的损害，大尺寸器官和/或组织的成功冷冻保存具有挑战性。在复温过程中，降低低温保存生物材料热应力的关键是快速和均匀的加热。目的：探索同时使用两种热源（微波和水浴）的混合加热过程，以实现更快和更均匀的加热。材料与方法：对冷冻保护剂（CPA）同时使用微波和37 ℃水浴复温进行了实验研究。将螺旋天线安装在1.8 mL冷冻管的中心。微波（2.4 GHz）产生，放大和传输到螺旋天线通过匹配的同轴电缆。通过微波和水浴重新加热冷冻管中初始温度为-196 ℃的冷冻CPA溶液。在复温过程中，通过热电偶测量样品中具有最大温差的两个选定点的温度。研究结果：冷冻样品在37 ℃水浴中无微波复温时，复温速率为70.2 ℃ min-1，样品中最大温度梯度为1.07 ℃ mm-1。添加微波形成混合升温过程，升温速率增加至100.5º C min-1，温度梯度较小，为0.68º C mm-1。结论：微波-水浴复合加热工艺提高了加热速率和温度均匀性。
BACKGROUND: Successful cryopreservation of organs and/or tissues of large dimension is challenging due to damages by solute concentration and thermal stress caused by crystallization during cooling and devitrification/recrystallization during rewarming. The key to reduce thermal stresses in cryopreserved biomaterials during rewarming is fast and uniform heating. OBJECTIVE: To explore a hybrid warming process using two heat sources (microwave and water bath) simultaneously to achieve faster and more uniform heating. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rewarming of frozen cryoprotectants (CPA) using microwave and 37º C water bath at the same time was experimentally studied. A helical antenna was installed at the center of a 1.8 mL cryovial. Microwave (2.4 GHz) was generated, amplified and transported to the helical antenna through the matched coaxial cables. Frozen CPA solution in the cryovial at an initial temperature of -196º C was rewarmed by microwave and water bath. The temperature of two selected points in the sample with the maximum temperature difference was measured by thermocouples during rewarming. RESULTS: During rewarming of the frozen sample in 37º C water bath without microwave, the warming rate was 70.2º C min -1 with the maximum temperature gradient of 1.07º C mm -1 in the sample. With microwave added to form a hybrid warming process, the warming rate was increased to be 100.5º C min -1 with a smaller temperature gradient of 0.68º C mm-1 . CONCLUSION: The study indicated that warming rate and temperature uniformity increased with the microwave-water bath hybrid heating process.