Coherent responses of sulphate concentration in Norwegian lakes: relationships with sulphur deposition and climate indices
Coherent responses of sulphate concentration in Norwegian lakes: relationships with sulphur deposition and climate indices
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挪威湖泊中硫酸盐浓度的相干响应：与硫沉降和气候指数的关系
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Tørseth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Dillon;B. Skjelkvåle;K. Somers;K. Tørseth
抽象的。对挪威有长期化学记录的 100 个湖泊中 SO 4 2– 浓度趋势的一致性或同步性进行了评估。使用比较非单向模式或趋势的统计技术，这些湖泊被分为 18 个子集或集群，每个子集或集群中有 2 到 11 个具有相似趋势的湖泊。这些时间趋势与多个气候指数密切相关，特别是秋季测量的北极涛动指数（AOI）和年度北大西洋涛动指数（NAOI）。由于这些湖泊群在空间上分散，因此无法直接与湿硫沉降趋势进行比较，因为每个湖泊群内的湖泊之间的硫沉降差异很大。然而，SO 4 2– 浓度的平均趋势是在挪威 10 个地区进行评估的，这些地区之前是根据污染负荷、气象变量和生物地理学定义的。尽管这些区域与统计选择的具有相同趋势的湖泊群并不非常接近，但气候指数（AOI 和 NAOI）与 10 个平均 SO 4 2– 趋势之间存在相似的强相关性，尽管与这些区域的平均湿 S 沉降存在更强的相关性。当从 10 个区域中选择具有一致 SO 4 2– 趋势的湖泊子集时，湿 S 沉降和气候指数都与这些 SO 4 2– 趋势密切相关。因此，挪威的湖泊会对湿硫沉降的变化做出反应，并受到大规模（即全球）气候信号的影响。因此，未来对受酸沉降影响的湖泊恢复的评估必须考虑气候和潜在气候变化的混杂影响。关键词：回收率、酸沉降、相干性、硫酸盐、气候变化
Abstract. The coherence or synchrony in the trends in SO 4 2– concentration in a set of 100 lakes in Norway that have a long-term chemical record was evaluated. Using a statistical technique that compares patterns or trends that are not uni-directional, the lakes were grouped into 18 subsets or clusters, each with between 2 and 11 lakes that had similar trends. These temporal trends were strongly correlated with several climate indices, notably the Arctic Oscillation Index (AOI) measured in the autumn, and the annual North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI). Because these clusters of lakes were spatially dispersed, they could not be compared directly with trends in wet S deposition, because S deposition varied substantially between lakes within each cluster. However, the average trend in SO 4 2– concentration was evaluated in each of 10 regions of Norway that were defined previously on the basis of pollution load, meteorological variables and biogeography. Although these regions did not match the statistically-selected clusters of lakes with equal trends very closely, there were similar, strong correlations between climate indices (the AOI and NAOI) and the 10 average SO 4 2– trends, although there were even stronger relationships with average wet S deposition in the regions. When subsets of lakes with coherent SO 4 2– trends were selected from within each of the 10 regions, both wet S deposition and the climate indices were strongly correlated with those SO 4 2– trends. Hence, lakes in Norway respond to changes in wet S deposition and are influenced by large-scale, i.e. global, climate signals. Future evaluation of recovery of lakes affected by acid deposition must therefore consider the confounding effects of climate and potential climate change. Keywords: recovery, acid deposition, coherence, sulphate, climate change