Does coevolution promote species richness in parasitic cuckoos?
Does coevolution promote species richness in parasitic cuckoos?
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2009.1142
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发表时间：
2009-11-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Davies NB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krüger O;Sorenson MD;Davies NB
为什么有些谱系比其他谱系多样化成更多的物种，这是进化过程中一个基本的但仍然相对知之甚少的方面。共同进化被认为是物种形成的潜在重要引擎，但很少在比较框架中进行测试。我们使用一个比较的方法的基础上，一个完整的所有生活杜鹃的寄生虫，宿主的共同进化测试是否与杜鹃物种丰富度的模式。亲代杜鹃和寄生杜鹃在每个属的物种数量上没有明显差异。然而，分支测试表明，育雏寄生与显着更高的物种形成和灭绝率。此外，亚种多样化率估计是两倍以上的寄生杜鹃在父母杜鹃。在寄生杜鹃中，对宿主适应性的不利影响的严重程度有显着变化;一些杜鹃物种的小鸡与宿主的幼仔一起饲养，而另一些则更具毒性，杜鹃小鸡会排出或杀死宿主的卵/幼仔。我们发现，杜鹃更毒的寄生策略有更多的认可亚种。此外，杜鹃物种有更多的公认的亚种有更多的主机。这些结果后，控制混杂的地理影响，如范围大小和隔离群岛。虽然我们的分析的力量是有限的，这一事实，育雏寄生进化独立的杜鹃只有三次，我们的研究结果表明，共同进化的军备竞赛与主机有贡献的更高的物种形成和灭绝率在寄生杜鹃。
Why some lineages have diversified into larger numbers of species than others is a fundamental but still relatively poorly understood aspect of the evolutionary process. Coevolution has been recognized as a potentially important engine of speciation, but has rarely been tested in a comparative framework. We use a comparative approach based on a complete phylogeny of all living cuckoos to test whether parasite–host coevolution is associated with patterns of cuckoo species richness. There are no clear differences between parental and parasitic cuckoos in the number of species per genus. However, a cladogenesis test shows that brood parasitism is associated with both significantly higher speciation and extinction rates. Furthermore, subspecies diversification rate estimates were over twice as high in parasitic cuckoos as in parental cuckoos. Among parasitic cuckoos, there is marked variation in the severity of the detrimental effects on host fitness; chicks of some cuckoo species are raised alongside the young of the host and others are more virulent, with the cuckoo chick ejecting or killing the eggs/young of the host. We show that cuckoos with a more virulent parasitic strategy have more recognized subspecies. In addition, cuckoo species with more recognized subspecies have more hosts. These results hold after controlling for confounding geographical effects such as range size and isolation in archipelagos. Although the power of our analyses is limited by the fact that brood parasitism evolved independently only three times in cuckoos, our results suggest that coevolutionary arms races with hosts have contributed to higher speciation and extinction rates in parasitic cuckoos.
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