A 25 Year Retrospective Review of the Psychological Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident
A 25 Year Retrospective Review of the Psychological Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident
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DOI：
10.1016/j.clon.2011.01.501
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Guey, L. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bromet, E. J.;Havenaar, J. M.;Guey, L. T.
切尔诺贝利核电站灾难 20 周年切尔诺贝利论坛报告得出的结论是，心理健康影响是事故最严重的公共卫生后果。本文对灾难发生以来 25 年来事故对心理影响的研究进行了最新回顾。急救人员和清理工人受到的辐射影响最大。最近的研究表明，二十年后，他们的抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍的发病率仍然很高。非常年幼的儿童以及那些在核电站爆炸时居住在核电站附近或严重污染地区的孩子一直是大量研究的对象，但研究结果并不一致。最近在基辅、挪威和芬兰对产前暴露儿童进行的研究指出，与辐射暴露相关的特定神经心理和心理损伤，而其他研究发现，暴露儿童长大后没有明显的认知或心理健康影响。一般人群研究报告称，自评健康状况不佳以及临床和亚临床抑郁症、焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍的比例有所增加。遭受灾难的幼儿的母亲仍然是这些疾病的高危人群，主要是因为他们一直担心这会对家人的健康造成不利影响。因此，长期心理健康后果仍然令人担忧。 25 年后，受影响地区未满足的精神卫生保健需求仍然是一个重要的公共卫生挑战。未来的研究需要结合身体和心理健康结果测量来完成临床情况。 (C) 2011 年皇家放射科医生学院。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
The Chernobyl Forum Report from the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster concluded that mental health effects were the most significant public health consequence of the accident. This paper provides an updated review of research on the psychological impact of the accident during the 25 year period since the catastrophe began. First responders and clean-up workers had the greatest exposure to radiation. Recent studies show that their rates of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder remain elevated two decades later. Very young children and those in utero who lived near the plant when it exploded or in severely contaminated areas have been the subject of considerable research, but the findings are inconsistent. Recent studies of prenatally exposed children conducted in Kiev, Norway and Finland point to specific neuropsychological and psychological impairments associated with radiation exposure, whereas other studies found no significant cognitive or mental health effects in exposed children grown up. General population studies report increased rates of poor self-rated health as well as clinical and subclinical depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Mothers of young children exposed to the disaster remain a high-risk group for these conditions, primarily due to lingering worries about the adverse health effects on their families. Thus, long-term mental health consequences continue to be a concern. The unmet need for mental health care in affected regions remains an important public health challenge 25 years later. Future research is needed that combines physical and mental health outcome measures to complete the clinical picture. (C) 2011 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.