National Estimates of Marijuana Use and Related Indicators - National Survey on Drug Use and Health, United States, 2002-2014
National Estimates of Marijuana Use and Related Indicators - National Survey on Drug Use and Health, United States, 2002-2014
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DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.ss6511a1
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发表时间：
2016-09-02
影响因子：
24.9
通讯作者：
Lyerla, Rob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azofeifa, Alejandro;Mattson, Margaret E.;Lyerla, Rob
问题/状况：在美国，大麻是最常用的非法毒品。2013年，美国12岁人口中有7.5%（1980万）报告在前一个月吸食大麻。由于某些州一级的政策已将大麻用于医疗或娱乐用途合法化，因此需要基于人口的大麻使用数据和其他相关指标来帮助监测美国的行为健康变化。涵盖时间：2002-2014年。系统描述：全国药物使用和健康调查（NSDUH）是一项全国性和州级的调查，调查对象是年龄在0 = 1.2岁的美国平民非机构人口的代表性样本。年。NSDUH收集有关使用非法药物、酒精和烟草的信息；开始使用药物；物质使用频率；物质依赖和滥用；感知物质危害风险或无风险；以及其他相关的行为健康指标。本报告描述了选定大麻使用的国家趋势和相关指标，包括大麻使用的流行程度；启动;对伤害风险的感知、认可和态度；可得性知觉与获取方式；依赖和滥用；以及对持有大麻的法律处罚的认知。结果：2014年，共有250万年龄在bb0 = 1.2岁的人在过去12个月内首次使用大麻，平均每天约有7,000名新用户。在2002-2014年期间，18岁的人群在过去一个月、过去一年、每天或几乎每天使用大麻的比例都有所增加，但在12-17岁的人群中没有。在12岁人群中，每周吸食一次或两次大麻和每月吸食一次大麻的高危人群比例下降，无风险人群比例上升。除老年人外，过去一年大麻依赖和滥用的流行率有所下降。在bb0 = 12岁的人群中，报告大麻相当容易或非常容易获得的百分比有所增加。与免费获取并分享大麻相比，12岁以下的受访者中购买并种植大麻的比例有所增加。与缓刑、社区服务、可能的监禁和强制监禁相比，在他们所在的州，持有一盎司或更少大麻的最高法律惩罚是罚款，而没有惩罚的人所占的百分比。解释：自2002年以来，美国18岁以上的人吸食大麻的人数有所增加，但12-17岁的人却没有。对吸食大麻的巨大风险认知的下降，加上对可获得性（即相当容易或非常容易获得大麻）认知的增加，以及对个人使用大麻的惩罚性法律处罚（例如，不处罚）的减少，可能是成年人使用大麻增加的原因。公共卫生行动：国家和州一级的数据可以帮助联邦、州和地方公共卫生官员制定有针对性的预防活动，以减少青少年开始使用大麻，防止大麻依赖和滥用，并防止对健康的不利影响。随着州一级关于医用和娱乐用大麻的法律的变化，可能需要修改国家和州一级的调查，并且可能需要更及时和全面的监视系统来提供这些数据。在年轻人群中使用大麻是一个特别的公共卫生问题，需要改变吸食大麻危害风险的看法。
Problem/Condition: In the United States, marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug. In 2013, 7.5% (19.8 million) of the U.S. population aged >= 12 years reported using marijuana during the preceding month. Because of certain state-level policies that have legalized marijuana for medical or recreational use, population-based data on marijuana use and other related indicators are needed to help monitor behavioral health changes in the United States.Period Covered: 2002-2014.Description of System: The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) is a national-and state-level survey of a representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population aged >= 1.2. years. NSDUH collects information about the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco; initiation of substance use; frequency of substance use; substance dependence and abuse; perception of substance harm risk or no risk; and other related behavioral health indicators. This report describes national trends for selected marijuana use and related indicators, including prevalence of marijuana use; initiation; perception of harm risk, approval, and attitudes; perception of availability and mode of acquisition; dependence and abuse; and perception of legal penalty for marijuana possession.Results: In 2014, a total of 2.5 million persons aged >= 1.2 years had used marijuana for the first time during the preceding 12 months, an average, of approximately 7,000 new users each day. During 2002-2014, the prevalence of marijuana use during the past month, past year, and daily or almost daily increased among persons aged 18 years, but not among those aged 12-17 years. Among persons aged 12 years, the prevalence of perceived great risk from smoking marijuana once or twice a week and once a month decreased and the prevalence of perceived no risk increased. The prevalence of past year marijuana dependence and abuse decreased, except among persons aged years. Among persons aged >= 12 years, the percentage reporting that marijuana was fairly easy or very easy to obtain increased. The percentage of persons aged 12 reporting the mode of acquisition of marijuana was buying it and growing it increased versus getting it for free and sharing it. The percentage of persons aged >= 12 years reporting that the perceived maximum legal penalty for the possession of an ounce or less of marijuana in their state is a fine and no penalty increased versus probation, community service, possible prison sentence, and mandatory prison sentence.Interpretation: Since 2002, marijuana use in the United States has increased among persons aged 18 years, but not among those aged 12-17 years. A decrease in the perception of great risk from smoking marijuana combined with increases in the perception of availability (i.e., fairly easy or very easy to obtain marijuana) and fewer punitive legal penalties (e.g., no penalty) for the possession of marijuana for personal use might play a role in increased use among adults.Public Health Action: National-and state-level data can help federal, state, and local public health officials develop targeted prevention activities to reduce youth initiation of marijuana use, prevent marijuana dependence and abuse, and prevent adverse health effects. As state-level laws on medical and recreational marijuana use change, modifications might be needed to national-and state-level surveys and more timely and comprehensive surveillance systems might be necessary to provide these data. Marijuana use in younger age groups is a particular public health concern, and changing the perception of harm risk from smoking marijuana is needed.