Encapsulations through the sol-gel technique and their applications in functional coatings
Encapsulations through the sol-gel technique and their applications in functional coatings
复制标题
溶胶-凝胶技术的封装及其在功能涂料中的应用
DOI：
10.1002/3527608478.ch8
复制
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
S. Hoste
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Driessche;S. Hoste
材料化学在国际上是一个高度优先的领域，无论是基础科学还是应用科学。对这一领域进步的研究贡献来自广泛的科学家，他们开发了合成工艺，进行了基本表征，并将材料应用于广泛的应用中。近年来，溶胶-凝胶化学已成为材料科学和合成领域的一个重要研究课题。多组分材料的传统合成涉及固态反应，其中将适当的前体（通常是氧化物或碳酸盐）混合在一起。这些前体通常进行球磨以增强混合并减小其粒度，从而可以在颗粒之间获得最大的接触表面[1]。反应最初发生在组分之间的接触点[2]。随着反应时间的增加，反应减慢，因为通过最终产物的相互扩散距离较长。混合物在相对高的温度下烧制以允许阳离子的相互扩散。通常进行研磨和煅烧的重复循环以改善均匀性。最近，溶胶-凝胶法在材料合成方面变得非常有吸引力，因为它允许直接制造不同配置的多组分材料（整料，涂层和纤维），而无需粉末中间体[3]或不使用昂贵的真空技术[4，5]。由于材料的多样性，溶胶-凝胶法已成为光学、电子学、生物材料、半导体和超导体等研究领域的重要合成方法。“溶胶-凝胶”一词指的是合成无机材料的过程。该术语是“溶液-凝胶化”的缩写，其表示其原理：从溶解在液相中的前体开始的溶液或溶胶（其是胶体颗粒的分散体）转化为固体。
Materials chemistry is a field of high priority internationally, in terms of both fundamental and applied science. Research contributions to the advancement of this field come from a wide range of scientists who develop the synthetic processes, perform the fundamental characterizations, and employ the materials in a wide range of applications. During recent years, sol-gel chemistry has become a major topic of research in materials science and synthesis. The conventional synthesis for multicomponent materials involves a solid-state reaction in which appropriate precursors (usually oxides or carbonates) are mixed together. These precursors are often ball-milled to enhance mixing and to reduce their particle sizes, so that maximum contact surface can be obtained between the particles [1]. The reaction occurs initially at the points of contact between the components [2]. With increasing reaction time, the reaction slows down because of the longer interdiffusion distances through the end product. The mixture is fired at relatively high temperature to allow interdiffusion of the cations. Repeated cycles of milling and calcination are usually carried out to improve homogeneity. Recently, the sol-gel method has become very attractive for materials synthesis because it permits direct fabrication of multicomponent materials in different configurations (monoliths, coatings, and fibers) without powder intermediates [3] or without the use of expensive vacuum technologies [4, 5]. The diversity with which materials can be obtained, has made the sol-gel method an important synthesis route in several domains of research, including optics, electronics, biomaterials, and semi-and superconductors.The term “sol-gel” denotes a process by which largely inorganic materials are synthesized. The term is an abbreviation for “solution-gelling” which denotes its principle: a solution or sol (which is a dispersion of colloidal particles) starting from precursors which are dissolved in a liquid phase, is transformed to the solid