Resolving local-scale emissions for modeling air quality near roadways
Resolving local-scale emissions for modeling air quality near roadways
复制标题
DOI：
10.3155/1047-3289.58.3.451
复制
发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Ensley, Darrell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cook, Rich;Isakov, Vlad;Ensley, Darrell
近年来发表的大量文献表明，由于人们暴露在靠近道路的空气污染中，健康风险增加。因此，有必要更准确地表示道路附近的空间浓度梯度，以制定缓解战略。在本文中，我们提出了一种实用的、适应性强的方法，使用“自下而上”的方法来制定详细的公路车辆排放清单，其中包括各个道路连接的排放。该方法还利用地理信息系统（GIS）软件来提高从旅行需求模型中获得的活动信息的空间精度。此外，我们在康涅狄格州纽黑文提出了该方法的空气质量建模应用。该应用程序使用混合建模方法，其中使用基于区域网格的模型来表征平均局部环境浓度，并使用高斯色散模型在建模域内提供纹理，因为与公路车辆排放和其他局部源相关的空间梯度。模拟结果显示，在模拟区域内，污染物浓度存在显著的异质性，并且与道路有关，特别是直接排放为主的污染物，具有很强的空间梯度。
A large body of literature published in recent years suggests increased health risk due to exposure of people to air pollution in close proximity to roadways. As a result, there is a need to more accurately represent the spatial concentration gradients near roadways to develop mitigation strategies. In this paper, we present a practical, readily adaptable methodology, using a "bottom-up" approach to develop a detailed highway vehicle emission inventory that includes emissions for individual road links. This methodology also takes advantage of geographic information system (GIS) software to improve the spatial accuracy of the activity information obtained from a Travel Demand Model. In addition, we present an air quality modeling application of this methodology in New Haven, CT. This application uses a hybrid modeling approach, in which a regional grid-based model is used to characterize average local ambient concentrations, and a Gaussian dispersion model is used to provide texture within the modeling domain because of spatial gradients associated with highway vehicle emissions and other local sources. Modeling results show substantial heterogeneity of pollutant concentrations within the modeling domain and strong spatial gradients associated with roadways, particularly for pollutants dominated by direct emissions.