Sustainable Management of Satoyama Bamboo Landscapes in Japan
Sustainable Management of Satoyama Bamboo Landscapes in Japan
复制标题
日本里山竹林景观的可持续管理
DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-87799-8_15
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Nakagoshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shigeo Suzuki;N. Nakagoshi
近几十年来，由于林地和草地的使用减少，日本整个农业区发生了许多变化。传统上，出于经济和文化原因，竹子种植在民居附近。然而，最近日本各地的农业景观都出现了废弃竹林的扩张。在这一章中，我们从文化和生态的角度考虑了竹子景观在日本的重要性，并提出了一种基于植物扩展特性的竹子景观管理方法。我们的结果表明，竹子是日本文化中一种重要的植物，通过生产文化物品和食物。我们使用地理信息系统(GIS)对竹林扩张的研究表明，自然和人为条件都促进了竹林扩张。我们证实，无人管理的竹林比有管理的竹林扩张得更快。其次，我们对竹林旁植被中竹子的年龄结构进行了调查，发现竹子更容易入侵较短的植被而不是高大的植被。最后，我们的植被调查结果表明，演替后期的森林对竹子入侵造成的植物物种多样性下降具有更强的抵抗力。鉴于这些发现，我们提出了日本竹林的管理计划，考虑到它们的快速扩张潜力和由此对当地植物生物多样性的风险，位于难以管理的地方或毗邻低矮或过渡植被的竹林将被作为更直接的管理目标。我们的发现还表明，完全去掉竹笋(皆伐)会导致新笋持续生长数年。为了根除不受欢迎的小树林，需要在几年内清除树干，并用目标树种重新造林。
Many changes have occurred throughout agricultural areas in Japan over recent decades resulting from the reduced use of woodlands and grasslands. Traditionally, bamboo was planted near residences for economic and cultural reasons. However, an expansion of abandoned bamboo groves has recently occurred throughout the Japanese agricultural landscape. In this chapter, we consider the importance of bamboo landscapes in Japan from cultural and ecological viewpoints, and propose a method of bamboo landscape management based on the plant’s expansion characteristics. Our results show that bamboo is a significant plant in Japanese culture through the production of cultural items and foods. Our examination of bamboo-grove expansion using a geographic information system (GIS) indicates that expansion is facilitated by both natural and anthropogenic conditions. We confirmed that unmanaged bamboo groves expand more quickly than those that are managed. Second, our survey of the age structure of bamboo culms in vegetation adjacent to bamboo groves revealed that bamboo culms invade shorter vegetation more readily than taller vegetation. Finally, the results of our vegetation survey indicate that forests in the late stages of succession are more resistant to decreases in plant species diversity caused by bamboo invasion. Given these findings, we propose a management plan for Japanese bamboo groves, in which groves situated in unmanageable places or adjacent to low or transitional vegetation are targeted for more immediate management, given their potential for rapid expansion and the resulting risk to local plant biodiversity. Our findings also demonstrate that completely removing bamboo culms (clear-cutting) results in the continuous growth of new shoots for several years. To eradicate undesired groves, culm removal over several years and reforestation with target tree species are required.