Identification of Kudoa septempunctata as the Causative Agent of Novel Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Japan by Consumption of Paralichthys olivaceus in Raw Fish
Identification of Kudoa septempunctata as the Causative Agent of Novel Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Japan by Consumption of Paralichthys olivaceus in Raw Fish
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DOI：
10.1093/cid/cir1040
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发表时间：
2012-04-15
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Ohnishi, Takahiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kawai, Takao;Sekizuka, Tsuyoshi;Ohnishi, Takahiro
背景。自 2003 年以来，日本与食用生鱼有关的不明食源性疾病的爆发有所增加。患有这种疾病的人在进食包括生鱼在内的餐后 2 至 20 小时内出现腹泻和呕吐。在摄入的食物中未检测到已知的病原体，例如细菌、病毒、细菌毒素或有毒化学物质。幸运的是，这种疾病具有自限性，所有病例预后良好。方法。我们对 2008 年和 2010 年期间发生的疫情进行了流行病学分析，并通过宏基因组 DNA 测序、实时聚合酶链式反应和直接显微镜观察分析了一次疫情的鱼类样本。使用乳鼠试验和家麝鼩催吐试验评估了这些技术确定的假定危险因素的致病性。结果。对 24 个城市涉及超过 1300 名受试者的疫情暴发进行的流行病学分析表明，橄榄鲽 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 是致病食物来源。 Kudoa septempunctata（一种最近描述的 P. olivaceus 中的粘孢子菌）在致病食物中普遍存在。 K. septempunctata 会导致乳鼠出现水样便和液体蓄积率升高，以及家麝鼩的呕吐。结论。这些结果确定 K. septempunctata 是与食用生橄榄球菌相关的新型食源性疾病爆发的病原体。据我们所知，这是第一份证明库多阿孢子对人类致病性的报告。
Background. Outbreaks of an unidentified food-borne illness associated with the consumption of raw fish have increased in Japan since 2003. Those affected with this illness develop diarrhea and emesis within 2-20 hours after a meal including raw fish. No known causative agents such as bacteria, viruses, bacterial toxins, or toxic chemicals have been detected in the foods that were ingested. Fortunately, this illness is self-limiting with good prognosis in all cases.Methods. We conducted an epidemiological analysis of outbreaks that occurred during 2008 and 2010 and analysed a fish sample from one outbreak by metagenomic DNA sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and direct microscopic observations. The pathogenicity of a putative risk factor identified by these techniques was assessed using the suckling-mouse test and a house musk shrew emetic assay.Results. The epidemiological analysis of outbreaks in 24 municipalities involving >1300 subjects implicated an olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) as the causative food source. The presence of Kudoa septempunctata, a recently-described myxosporean species in P. olivaceus, was prevalent in the causative foods. K. septempunctata induced watery stools and an elevated fluid accumulation ratio in suckling mice, as well as vomiting in house musk shrews.Conclusions. These results identify K. septempunctata as the etiological agent of this novel food-borne illness outbreak associated with consumption of raw P. olivaceus. This is the first report, to our knowledge, demonstrating the human pathogenicity of Kudoa spores.