Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants in indoor dust in multiple microenvironments of southern China and implications for human exposure
Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants in indoor dust in multiple microenvironments of southern China and implications for human exposure
复制标题
中国南方多种微环境室内粉尘中有机磷阻燃剂的存在情况及其对人体暴露的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.043
复制
发表时间：
2015-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Mai, Bi-Xian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He, Chun-Tao;Zheng, Jing;Mai, Bi-Xian
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are important alternatives to brominated flame retardants (BFRs), but information on their contamination of the environment in China is rare. We examined the occurrence of 12 OPFRs in indoor dust in four microenvironments of southern China, including a rural electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area, a rural non-e-waste area, urban homes, and urban college dormitory rooms. The OPFR concentrations (with a median of 25.0 mu g g(-1)) were highest in the e-waste area, and the concentrations in other three areas were lower and comparable (7.48-11.0 mu g g(-1)). The levels of OPFRs in the present study were generally relatively lower than the levels of OPFRs found in Europe, Canada, and Japan because BFRs are still widely used as the major FRs in China. The composition profile of OPFRs in the e-waste area was dominated by tricresyl phosphate (TCP) (accounting for 40.7%, on average), while tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was the most abundant OPFR (64.4%) in the urban areas (homes and college dormitories). These two distribution patterns represent two OPFR sources (i.e., emissions from past e-waste and from current household products and building materials). The difference in the OPFR profiles in the rural area relative to the OPFR profiles in the urban and e-waste areas suggests that the occurrence of OPFRs is due mainly to emissions from characteristic household products in rural homes. Although human exposures to all the OPFRs were under the reference doses, the health risk for residents in the e-waste area is a concern, considering the poor sanitary conditions in this area and exposure from other sources. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
