Linking silver carp habitat selection to flow and phytoplankton in the Mississippi River
Linking silver carp habitat selection to flow and phytoplankton in the Mississippi River
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DOI：
10.1007/s10530-011-0128-2
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Garvey, James E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calkins, Heather A.;Tripp, Sara J.;Garvey, James E.
入侵性鲢鱼（Hypothalmichthys molitrix）遍布密西西比河的大部分地区，并威胁着劳伦森五大湖。为了量化相对于河流流量和潜在浮游植物食物的栖息地选择，2008 年春季至 2009 年春季，在密西西比河邻近的上游筑坝河段和下游未筑坝河段（总共 48 公里）内，对 77 条成年鲢鱼植入了超声波发射器。百分之六十七的鱼已被定位。对主要河流栖息地特征（筑坝与未筑坝、回水、河道边界、翼堤、岛侧河道和主河道）的选择进行了量化。比较了鲢鱼地点和随机地点之间的流速和叶绿素a浓度。对 240 条未标记鲢鱼的前肠叶绿素 a 浓度以及大型浮游动物和碎屑的存在进行了定量。大约30%的鲢鱼向上游移动到拦坝河段，那里的平均水流较慢，叶绿素a浓度较高。相对于随机地点，鲢鱼选择中等流量（约0.3 m/s）和高叶绿素a（约7 μg/L）的翼堤区域。无水流的地区没有出现鲢鱼。首选翼堤，同时避开主河道。肠道叶绿素a浓度与温度呈正相关，与流量或河流叶绿素a浓度无关。内脏中大型浮游动物和碎屑很少见。鲢鱼寻找低流量区域，并成功地在河流和大湖泊中出现的一系列温度、流量和叶绿素浓度范围内觅食。
Invasive silver carp (Hypothalmichthys molitrix) occurs throughout much of the Mississippi River and threatens the Laurentian Great Lakes. To quantify habitat selection relative to river flow and potential phytoplankton food, 77 adult silver carp were implanted with ultrasonic transmitters during spring 2008 through spring 2009 in adjacent upstream dammed and downstream undammed reaches (48 km total) of the Mississippi River. Sixty-seven percent of the fish were located. Selection of major river habitat features (dammed vs. undammed, backwaters, channel border, wing dikes, island side channels, and the main channel) was quantified. Flow rates and chlorophyll a concentration were compared between silver carp locations and random sites. Foregut chlorophyll a concentrations plus presence of macrozooplankton and detritus of 240 non-tagged silver carp were quantified. About 30% of silver carp moved upstream into the dammed reach, where average flow was slower and chlorophyll a concentration was higher. Silver carp selected wing dike areas of moderate flow (about 0.3 m/s) and elevated chlorophyll a (about 7 mu g/L) relative to random sites. No silver carp occurred in areas where flow was absent. Wing dikes were preferred while the main channel was avoided. Chlorophyll a concentrations in guts were positively related to temperature and were unrelated to flow or river chlorophyll a concentration. Macrozooplankton and detritus were rare in guts. Silver carp seek areas of low flow and successfully forage across a range of temperatures, flows, and chlorophyll a concentrations that occur in rivers and large lakes.