Agility and search and rescue training differently affects pet dogs' behaviour in socio-cognitive tasks
Agility and search and rescue training differently affects pet dogs' behaviour in socio-cognitive tasks
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DOI：
10.1016/j.beproc.2009.03.015
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Prato-Previde, Emanuela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marshall-Pescini, Sarah;Passalacqua, Chiara;Prato-Previde, Emanuela
遗传因素和生活经验似乎对狗在测试情况下的反应都很重要。一个潜在的高度相关的生活经验可能是狗的训练历史，但很少有研究调查这方面到目前为止。本文简要回顾了有关训练对狗在认知任务中表现的影响的研究，并提出了关于训练和未训练的宠物狗在“不可解决的任务”中表现的新的初步证据。39只成年狗：对13只接受过搜救训练的宠物（S&R组）、13只接受过敏捷竞赛训练的宠物（敏捷组）和13只未经训练的宠物（宠物组）进行了测试。在三个“可解决”的试验中，狗可以通过操纵塑料容器获得食物，然后是一个“不可解决”的试验，其中获得食物变得不可能。分析了狗对仪器和在场的人（主人和研究人员）的行为。在第一个“可解决”和“不可解决”的试验中，两组人对仪器的行为是相当的，但是在他们的人类指导的凝视行为中出现了差异。事实上，“可解决”试验的结果显示，与敏捷狗相比，S&R狗回头看人的次数较少，而后者比宠物狗更频繁地在人和设备之间交替凝视。在无法解决的试验中，两组之间在看人的潜伏期方面没有差异，但是敏捷性狗比宠物狗和S&R狗看主人的时间更长;而S&R狗比其他两组表现出明显更多的吠叫（总是同时发生在看人或设备时）。此外，S&R犬比未经训练的宠物犬更容易在人和设备之间交替凝视，而敏捷犬则介于这两组之间。因此，总体而言，狗的人类指导的沟通行为似乎受到其个人训练经历的显着影响。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Both genetic factors and life experiences appear to be important in shaping dogs' responses in a test situation. One potentially highly relevant life experience may be the dog's training history, however few studies have investigated this aspect so far. This paper briefly reviews studies focusing on the effects of training on dogs' performance in cognitive tasks, and presents new, preliminary evidence on trained and untrained pet dogs' performance in an 'unsolvable task'. Thirty-nine adult dogs: 13 trained for search and rescue activities (S&R group), 13 for agility competition (Agility group) and 13 untrained pets (Pet group) were tested. Three 'solvable' trials in which dogs could obtain the food by manipulating a plastic container were followed by an 'unsolvable' trial in which obtaining the food became impossible. The dogs' behaviours towards the apparatus and the people present (owner and researcher) were analysed. Both in the first 'solvable' and in the 'unsolvable' trial the groups were comparable on actions towards the apparatus, however differences emerged in their human-directed gazing behaviour. In fact, results in the 'solvable' trial, showed fewer S&R dogs looking back at a person compared to agility dogs, and the latter alternating their gaze between person and apparatus more frequently than pet dogs. In the unsolvable trial no difference between groups emerged in the latency to look at the person however agility dogs looked longer at the owner than both pet and S&R dogs; whereas S&R dogs exhibited significantly more barking (always occurring concurrently to looking at the person or the apparatus) than both other groups. Furthermore, S&R dogs alternated their gaze between person and apparatus more than untrained pet dogs, with agility dogs falling in between these two groups. Thus overall, it seems that the dogs' human-directed communicative behaviours are significantly influenced by their individual training experiences. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.