"What do you think of when I say the word 'snack'?" Towards a cohesive definition among low-income caregivers of preschool-age children.
"What do you think of when I say the word 'snack'?" Towards a cohesive definition among low-income caregivers of preschool-age children.
复制标题
“当我说‘零食’这个词时，你会想到什么？”
DOI：
10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.002
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Fisher,JenniferOrlet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Younginer,NicholasA;Blake,ChristineE;Davison,KirstenK;Blaine,RachelE;Ganter,Claudia;Orloski,Alexandria;Fisher,JenniferOrlet
尽管一致认为零食为儿童饮食提供了大量能量，但零食对健康，特别是儿童健康影响的证据很薄弱。缺乏一致证据的一些原因可能是由于零食的定义不标准。了解学龄前儿童的照顾者如何概念化和定义儿童零食，可以为流行病学调查结果、预期指导目标和预防工作提供有价值的见解。参与者是59个种族多样化（白色，西班牙裔和非洲裔美国人），低收入的城市照顾者的儿童年龄3-5岁。每位照顾者完成了一个60-90分钟的半结构化的深入访谈，以了解他们的儿童零食的定义。数据编码由两个训练有素的编码人员使用理论指导的紧急编码技术，以获得照顾者的儿童零食定义的关键尺寸。确定了儿童零食定义的五个相互关联的维度：（1）食物类型，（2）份量大小，（3）时间，（4）地点和（5）目的。基于这些维度，提供了一个护理人员对儿童零食的看法的衍生定义：在两餐之间给予的一小部分食物，通常是为了减少或防止饥饿，直到下一次用餐时间。这些研究结果表明，相互关联的维度，捕捉类型的食物和饮食情节，被定义为零食。儿童营养研究和干预措施，包括对儿童零食的重点应考虑使用一个优先多维定义的儿童零食。
Despite agreement that snacks contribute significant energy to children's diets, evidence of the effects of snacks on health, especially in children, is weak. Some of the lack of consistent evidence may be due to a non-standardized definition of snacks. Understanding how caregivers of preschool-aged children conceptualize and define child snacks could provide valuable insights on epidemiological findings, targets for anticipatory guidance, and prevention efforts. Participants were 59 ethnically-diverse (White, Hispanic, and African American), low-income urban caregivers of children age 3–5 years. Each caregiver completed a 60–90 min semi-structured in-depth interview to elicit their definitions of child snacks. Data were coded by two trained coders using theoretically-guided emergent coding techniques to derive key dimensions of caregivers' child snack definitions. Five interrelated dimensions of a child snack definition were identified: (1) types of food, (2) portion size, (3) time, (4) location, and (5) purpose. Based on these dimensions, an empirically-derived definition of caregivers' perceptions of child snacks is offered: A small portion of food that is given in-between meals, frequently with an intention of reducing or preventing hunger until the next mealtime. These findings suggest interrelated dimensions that capture the types of foods and eating episodes that are defined as snacks. Child nutrition studies and interventions that include a focus on child snacks should consider using ana priorimulti-dimensional definition of child snacks.