First lapses to smoking: within-subjects analysis of real-time reports.
First lapses to smoking: within-subjects analysis of real-time reports.
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第一次吸烟：实时报告的受试者内分析。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-006x.64.2.366
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Hickcox,M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shiffman,S;Paty,JA;Gnys,M;Kassel,JA;Hickcox,M
对吸烟复发和诱惑事件的研究依赖于回溯性回忆，混淆了受试者之间和受试者内部的可变性。使用掌上电脑收集了吸烟诱惑力和烟瘾的实时数据。我们对最初的失误、诱惑发作和通过随机安排的评估获得的基本比率数据进行了受试者内的比较。负面情绪区分了这三种情况，失误比诱惑更糟糕，诱惑比随机情况更糟糕。参与者将失误归因于负面情绪和吸烟线索，而诱惑更多地归因于行为转变。参与者报告在诱惑中应对的可能性是在失误中的12倍。然而，只有认知(与行为)应对策略是有效的。与其他情况相比，在允许吸烟、容易获得香烟以及有其他吸烟者在场的情况下，更有可能发生失误。这些结果具有临床意义，计算机监测方法可能适用于一系列临床研究问题。
Studies of smoking relapse and temptation episodes have relied on retrospective recall and confounded between-and within-subject variability. Real-time data on temptations and lapses to smoke were gathered using palm-top computers. We made within-subject comparisons of the initial lapse, a temptation episode, and base rate data obtained through randomly scheduled assessments. Negative affect discriminated all three situations, with lapses worse than temptations, and temptations worse than random situations. Participants attributed lapses to negative mood and smoking cues, whereas temptations were more often attributed to behavioral transitions. Participants were 12 times more likely to report coping in temptations than in lapses. However, only cognitive (vs. behavioral) coping strategies were effective. Lapses (vs. the other situations) were more likely to occur when smoking was permitted, when cigarettes were easily available, and in the presence of other smokers. The results have clinical implications, and the computerized monitoring methods may be applicable to an array of clinical research problems.