Generalized One-Dimensional Parallel Switching Matrices With an Arbitrary Number of Beams
Generalized One-Dimensional Parallel Switching Matrices With an Arbitrary Number of Beams
复制标题
任意束数的广义一维并行开关矩阵
DOI：
10.1109/jmw.2021.3106871
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
and Nelson J. G. Fonseca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiro Hirokawa;and Nelson J. G. Fonseca
本文介绍了一种新型的一维开关矩阵，也被称为波束形成网络（BFN），它可以被大小为任意数量的波束。它还描述了相关的数值设计方法，支持几个设计实例。设计了一个76 GHz的通用5 × 5开关矩阵的全波模型，进一步验证了这一概念。所提出的矩阵是通过级联单元，包括一个双向耦合器和一个移相器在一个并行配置，提供理论上无损操作的正交BFN拓扑结构和均衡的路径长度的直接后果，预计将有利于频率带宽。该设计方法是通用的，也包括当光束数为2的幂时与Butler矩阵等效的配置。所得到的平面矩阵设计结合了联合收割机的一些好处，著名的巴特勒和诺伦矩阵，即并行拓扑结构和任意数量的光束。所提出的拓扑结构所需的级联单元的最小数量，也对应于层数，被发现是，其中是光束的数量，这是小于相应的“并行”诺伦矩阵的级联单元的数量，forlarger大于三，从而提供了一个减少高达38%的层的数量为8束矩阵。这一减少接近理论上限50%，达到大值。预计这种显著降低将对RF性能产生积极影响，特别是插入损耗以及工作频带上的幅度和相位色散。有趣的是，所提出的开关矩阵配置减少到一个标准的巴特勒矩阵时，光束的数量等于4，并演示了减少的层数的20%，在相应的平面巴特勒矩阵的设计与8个光束。所提出的矩阵配置是一个很有前途的解决方案，低成本的单层波束切换矩阵的设计。
This paper introduces a novel family of one-dimensional switching matrices, also known as beamforming networks (BFNs), which can be sized for an arbitrary number of beams. It also describes the associated numerical design method, supported by several design examples. The concept is further validated with a full-wave model of a generic 5 × 5 switching matrix designed at 76 GHz. The proposed matrices are obtained by cascading units consisting of a two-way coupler and a phase shifter in a parallel configuration, providing theoretically lossless operation as a direct consequence of the orthogonal BFN topology and equalized path lengths, expected to benefit the frequency bandwidth. The design method is general, also including the configurations equivalent to Butler matrices when the number of beams is a power of two. The obtained planar matrix designs combine some benefits of the well-known Butler and Nolen matrices, namely the parallel topology and the arbitrary number of beams. The minimum number of cascaded units required by the proposed topology, also corresponding to the number of layers, is found to be, whereis the number of beams, which is less than the number of cascaded units for the corresponding “parallel” Nolen matrix, forlarger than three, thus providing a reduction in the number of layers of up to 38% for an 8-beam matrix. This reduction is close to the theoretical upper boundary of 50%, reached for large values of. This significant reduction is expected to have a positive impact on RF performance, and in particular insertion losses, as well as amplitude and phase dispersion over the operating band. Interestingly, the proposed switching matrix configuration reduces to a standard Butler matrix when the number of beams is equal to 4, and demonstrates a reduction in the number of layers of 20% over the corresponding planar Butler matrix for a design with 8 beams. The proposed matrix configuration is a promising solution for the design of low-cost single-layer beam-switching matrices.