Contemporary slavery and its definition in law
Contemporary slavery and its definition in law
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当代奴隶制及其法律定义
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
Jean Allain
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作者：
Jean Allain
当我们能够展望二十一世纪的未来时，他们可能最震惊的不是我们在结束奴隶制和制止人类剥削方面取得了多大的进展，而是我们尚未就“奴隶制”一词的实际含义达成一致。这是一个相当有趣的难题，因为85年来，各州对奴隶制的法律的定义一直存在共识。然而，这一定义未能在公众中站稳脚跟，也未能向那些对结束奴隶制感兴趣的机构“发言”。乍一看，这并不难理解，因为这个定义是由法律的专家在20世纪20年代中期起草的，相当不透明，似乎回到了一个过去的时代。1926年《禁奴公约》中的定义是：“奴隶制是对一个人行使附属于所有权的任何或一切权力的地位或状况”。[1]乍看之下，这个定义并没有给读者传达多少信息，但它似乎要求一个人拥有另一个人。由于一个人对另一个人的所有权已被立法规定为不存在-再一次-看来这一定义在当代世界不会有任何牵引力。然而，事实并非如此，因为1926年确立的奴隶制的法律的定义已经得到两次确认：第一，实质上被列入1956年《当代奴隶制补充公约》及其法律定义
able to look into the future to the twenty-first century, what they may have been most struck by was not how far we had come in ending slavery and suppressing human exploitation but, rather, that we had yet to agree on what in fact the term “slavery” means. This is a rather intriguing puzzle, as a consensus has existed for more than eighty-five years among states as to the legal definition of slavery. Yet, this definition has failed to take hold among the general public or to “speak” to those institutions interested in the ending of slavery. At first blush, this is not so hard to understand since the definition, drafted in the mid-1920s by legal experts, is rather opaque and seems to hark back to a bygone era. The definition found in the 1926 Slavery Convention reads: “Slavery is the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership is exercised.”1 At first sight, the definition really does not convey much to the reader, but for the fact that it appears to require that a person own another. As the ownership of one person by another has been legislated out of existence – again – it appears that this definition would have no traction in the contemporary world. Yet, this is not so since the legal definition of slavery established in 1926 has been confirmed twice: first, by being included in substance in the 1956 Supplementary Convention 2 Contemporary Slavery and its definition in law