MIS3 edge-ground axes and the arrival of the first Homo sapiens in the Japanese archipelago
MIS3 edge-ground axes and the arrival of the first Homo sapiens in the Japanese archipelago
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MIS3 边缘磨削轴和第一批智人抵达日本列岛
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2011.01.030
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Tsutsumi Takashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tsutsumi Takashi
在MIS3中，日本群岛中出现了一个具有边缘地轴线的岩屑组合，约38000大卡BP，并持续到约32000大卡BP。这一时期相当于旧石器时代早期(EEUP)。到目前为止，类似的石斧在中国、朝鲜和俄罗斯大陆地区的旧石器时代晚期遗址中还没有报道。这些边缘地面的斧头似乎是第一批定居日本岛屿的智人的独立发明，它们是现代人行为的一种表现。较大的边缘-地面斧头似乎被用来砍伐树木和修改木材。当刀片损坏时，这些轴被重新加工成更小的形式，并重新用于加工兽皮。这些薄片工具属于与斧头相同的岩屑组合的一部分，很可能是狩猎工具，但目前没有证据表明它们被用来猎杀当时居住在日本岛屿上的大型哺乳动物，如瑙曼的大象。其中一些片状工具是由从日本海岸外太平洋上的一个岛屿上获得的黑铁矿制成的，这表明这些日本岛屿上的早期居民拥有某种穿越海洋的船只。这也是现代人的一种行为。此外，大约4万大卡的英国石油公司在大陆和日本之间没有陆地连接，所以这些岛屿的第一批智人定居者不得不穿越水域到达。拥有这些边缘地轴线的人类形成了他们季节性居住的圆形聚居地。他们很可能对群体和合作行为有清晰的认识。
A lithic assemblage with edge-ground axes appeared in the Japanese archipelago in MIS3, about 38,000 cal BP, and continued to about 32,000 cal BP. This period corresponds to the early part of the early Upper Palaeolithic (eEUP). To date, similar stone axes have not been reported in Upper Palaeolithic sites in the continental regions of China, Korea, and Russia. These edge-ground axes appear to be independent inventions of the first Homo sapiens to settle the Japanese islands, and they are one manifestation of modern human behavior. The larger edge-ground axes appear to have been used for felling trees and for modifying wood. When the blades were damaged, these axes were reworked into smaller forms and reused for processing hide. The flake tools that were parts of the same lithic assemblages as the axes were probably hunting tools, but presently there is no evidence they were used for hunting the large mammals, such as Naumann’s elephants, that inhabited the Japanese islands at that time. Some of these flake tools were made of obsidian obtained from an island in the Pacific off the coast of Japan, demonstrating these early inhabitants of the Japanese islands had some kind of watercraft for crossing ocean waters. This is also a type of modern human behavior. Further, around 40,000 cal BP there was no land connection between the continent and Japan, so these first Homo sapiens settlers of the islands had to arrive by crossing water. The humans possessing these edge-ground axes formed circular settlements which they inhabited seasonally. They most likely had a clear awareness of group and of cooperative behavior.