Peak Ground Velocity Spatial Variability Revealed by Dense Seismic Array in Southern California

Peak Ground Velocity Spatial Variability Revealed by Dense Seismic Array in Southern California
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南加州密集地震阵揭示的峰值地速空间变化

DOI:
10.1029/2019jb019157
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Vernon, Frank
Vernon, Frank
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Johnson, Christopher W.;Kilb, Debi;Baltay, Annemarie;Vernon, Frank

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了解和模拟地面运动的可变性对于建立准确和精确的地面运动预测方程至关重要,这可以确定特定地点的特征并降低危险水平。本文以美国南加州圣哈辛托断裂带Sage Brush Flats为研究对象,探讨了其地表峰值速度(PGV)的空间变异性。我们使用了2014年部署的密集阵列(0.6 × 0.6 km2, 1108个检波器,站间距10-30 m)的数据,持续了约1个月。这些数据为研究该地区的小尺度变异性提供了机会。我们在200公里范围内检测了38次地震(2≤ML≤4.2)。断层链和一个小盆地影响了地面运动,导致PGV的变化高达平均值的22%,pandswave近地表速度降低了40%。我们发现沿断层破裂方向性、震源和路径效应可以使PGVs增加167%。地表PGV测量值超过了配置的钻孔站(深度148 m) PGV的3-10倍,证实了近地表断层构造、盆地、地形和软沉积物放大对PGV的影响。与此一致的是,我们在盆地构造中发现了高pgv。一对并置的GaML2.6事件产生具有相似空间模式的可重复PGV值。这两个事件的平均转角频率为11 ~ 16 Hz,可行的应力降测量值相差6.45 MPa。在这个小阵列中,PGV值是可变的,这意味着在已知断层和盆地的区域外推PGV时,即使在很小的区域内,也应该谨慎进行。
Understanding and modeling variability of ground motion is essential for building accurate and precise ground motion prediction equations, which can net site‐specific characterization and reduced hazard levels. Here, we explore the spatial variability in peak ground velocity (PGV) at Sage Brush Flats along the San Jacinto Fault in Southern California. We use data from a dense array (0.6 × 0.6 km2, 1,108 geophones, station spacings 10–30 m) deployed in 2014 for ~1 month. These data offer an opportunity to study small‐scale variability in this region. We examine 38 earthquakes (2 ≤ ML≤ 4.2) within 200 km of the array. Fault strands and a small basin impact the ground motions, producing PGV variations up to 22% of the mean and a 40% reduction inPandSwave near‐surface velocities. We find along‐fault rupture directivity, source, and path effects can increase PGVs by 167%. Surface PGV measurements exceed the colocated borehole station (depth at 148 m) PGV by factors of 3–10, confirming the impact on PGV from near‐surface fault structures, basins, topography, and amplifications from soft sediments. Consistently, we find high PGVs within the basin structure. A pair of colocated GaML2.6 events produce repeatable PGV values with similar spatial patterns. The average corner frequencies of these two events are 11–16 Hz, and viable measurements of stress drop can differ by 6.45 MPa. Within this small array, the PGV values are variable implying spatial extrapolation of PGV to regions of known faults and basins, even across a small area, should be done with caution.
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