Peripheral Glial Cells in the Development of Diabetic Neuropathy.
Peripheral Glial Cells in the Development of Diabetic Neuropathy.
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DOI：
10.3389/fneur.2018.00268
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Pallesen LT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonçalves NP;Vægter CB;Pallesen LT
全球糖尿病患病率正在迅速上升，在未来几年内将影响超过5亿人。由于糖尿病对多个生理系统产生负面影响，这种急剧增长不仅意味着个体层面生活质量的下降，也是一个巨大的社会经济挑战。影响多达一半糖尿病患者的生理后果之一是外周神经系统的逐渐恶化，导致自发性疼痛，并最终丧失感觉功能、运动无力和器官功能障碍。尽管对高血糖对神经功能的影响进行了大量研究，但糖尿病神经病变的潜在生物学机制在很大程度上仍然未知，且缺乏治疗选择。研究主要直接集中在神经元成分上，大概是从神经元是神经的功能性信号传递单位这一角度出发。然而，值得注意的是，每一个外周感觉神经元都与众多神经胶质细胞密切相关；神经元胞体完全被卫星胶质细胞包围，最长的轴突长度至少由1000个施万细胞覆盖。神经胶质细胞对神经元至关重要，但总体上对这些细胞仍然知之甚少，尤其是它们在改变对神经元的支持方面如何应对糖尿病。我们将讨论外周神经胶质细胞的现有知识，并认为加强对这些细胞的研究对于更好地理解糖尿病神经病变的潜在机制至关重要。
The global prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing, affecting more than half a billion individuals within the next few years. As diabetes negatively affects several physiological systems, this dramatic increase represents not only impaired quality of life on the individual level but also a huge socioeconomic challenge. One of the physiological consequences affecting up to half of diabetic patients is the progressive deterioration of the peripheral nervous system, resulting in spontaneous pain and eventually loss of sensory function, motor weakness, and organ dysfunctions. Despite intense research on the consequences of hyperglycemia on nerve functions, the biological mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy are still largely unknown, and treatment options lacking. Research has mainly focused directly on the neuronal component, presumably from the perspective that this is the functional signal-transmitting unit of the nerve. However, it is noteworthy that each single peripheral sensory neuron is intimately associated with numerous glial cells; the neuronal soma is completely enclosed by satellite glial cells and the length of the longest axons covered by at least 1,000 Schwann cells. The glial cells are vital for the neuron, but very little is still known about these cells in general and especially how they respond to diabetes in terms of altered neuronal support. We will discuss current knowledge of peripheral glial cells and argue that increased research in these cells is imperative for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy.
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