Interannual variation in the diets of two albatross species breeding at South Georgia: implications for breeding performance
Interannual variation in the diets of two albatross species breeding at South Georgia: implications for breeding performance
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1474-919x.2003.00196.x
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Reid, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xavier, JC;Croxall, JP;Reid, K
对1996 ~ 2000年在南乔治亚州鸟岛饲养的灰头信天翁、黄口灰头信天翁和黑眉信天翁的饮食和繁殖性能进行了研究。当所有年份的样本结合起来时，头足类和甲壳类动物分别是灰头信天翁和黑眉信天翁饮食的主要组成部分。然而，他们的饮食表现出年际变化。1996 - 1999年头足类是灰头信天翁的主要食性，占总食性的60-75%，但在2000年显著下降（17%），甲壳类占主要食性（61%）。黑眉信天翁的饮食变化很大，1996年和1997年头足类是最重要的组成部分（按质量计为49%），1998年和1999年分别为鱼类（32%）和40%)，2000年为甲壳类（63%）。在1998年和2000年，当这两种信天翁的繁殖成功率较低时，它们的饮食中存在的头足类物种发生了重大变化。灰头信天翁的食用量与灰头信天翁的繁殖成功率呈显著正相关。对黑眉信天翁而言，其对冰鱼Champsocephalus gunnari的摄取量与繁殖成功率之间存在显著的相关关系，其对黑眉信天翁的摄取量与黑眉信天翁的CPUE之间存在显著的相关关系。这些发现表明，灰头信天翁更依赖南极极地锋区猎物（hyadesi和lamtria australis），而黑眉信天翁更依赖南极猎物（冰鱼和南极磷虾）。在南大洋不同岛屿上繁殖的灰头信天翁和黑眉信天翁的饮食差异表明，灰头信天翁更多地以海洋头足类动物为食，而黑眉信天翁主要以陆架鱼类为食，如南方蓝白鲸，这表明信天翁的饮食可能受到这些岛屿的地理位置、信天翁的觅食偏好和猎物可得性的影响。
The diet and breeding performance of Grey-headed Albatrosses Thalassarche chrysostoma and Black-browed Albatrosses Diomedea melanophris breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia, were studied simultaneously during the chick-rearing period between 1996 and 2000. When samples for all years were combined, cephalopods and crustaceans were the main components in the diet of Grey-headed and Black-browed Albatrosses, respectively. However, their diets exhibited interannual variations. Cephalopods were the most important component in the diet of Grey-headed Albatrosses between 1996 and 1999 (60-75% by mass) but decreased significantly in 2000 (17%), when crustaceans dominated (61%). The Black-browed Albatross diet varied greatly, with cephalopods being the most important component in 1996 (49% by mass) and 1997 (48%), fish in 1998 (32%) and 1999 (40%), and crustaceans in 2000 (63%). In 1998 and 2000 there was a significant change in the cephalopod species present in the diet of both albatross species, when their breeding success was low. The consumption of the ommastrephid Martialia hyadesi was significantly and positively correlated with Grey-headed Albatross breeding success. For Black-browed Albatrosses significant correlations were found between its consumption of the Icefish Champsocephalus gunnari and breeding success, and between its consumption of M. hyadesi and M. hyadesi CPUE (Catch per Unit Effort). These findings suggest that Grey-headed Albatrosses are more reliant on Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone prey (M. hyadesi and Lamprey Geotria australis) whereas Black-browed Albatrosses are more dependent on Antarctic prey (Icefish and Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba). The differences between diets of Grey-headed and Black-browed Albatrosses breeding on different islands of the Southern Ocean showed that Grey-headed Albatrosses feed more on oceanic cephalopods (e.g. M. hyadesi) whereas Black-browed Albatrosses feed primarily on shelf fish (e.g. Blue Whiting Micromesistius australis), suggesting that albatross diets are likely to be influenced by the geographical position of those islands, albatross foraging preference and prey availability.