The Intense World Theory - a unifying theory of the neurobiology of autism
The Intense World Theory - a unifying theory of the neurobiology of autism
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2010.00224
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发表时间：
2010-12-21
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Markram, Henry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Markram, Kamila;Markram, Henry
自闭症涵盖了各种各样的疾病，其中有很多观点，假设和理论。在这里，我们提出了一种统一的自闭症理论，即强烈的世界理论。所提出的神经病理学是局部神经微电路的高功能，最有特征是具有过度反应性和过塑性。据推测，这种高功能的微电路是自主的，并被捕获的记忆会导致高感知，超注意力，超级记忆和超感官的核心认知后果。该理论以新皮层和杏仁核为中心，但有可能应用于所有大脑区域。每个轴上的严重程度取决于在不同大脑区域表达的分子综合征的严重程度，这可以独特地塑造自闭症儿童症状的曲目。该疾病的发展被认为是由于对将大脑转化为超越和过度选择性状态的经历过于强烈的反应所驱动的，每种新体验都变得更加极端，并且可能会因情绪激动的经历和创伤而尤其加速。这可能会导致对世界碎片的漫画详细信息处理，并与自闭症患者的非自愿和系统脱钩，这与一个痛苦的激烈世界。提议自闭症被困在一个有限但高度安全的内部世界中，极端极端和惊喜。我们介绍了支持这一自闭症理论的关键研究，展示了该理论如何更好地解释过去的发现，以及它如何解决显然是冲突的数据和解释。该理论还从分子到行为水平做出了进一步的预测，提供了一种治疗策略，并提出了其自身的假设。
Autism covers a wide spectrum of disorders for which there are many views, hypotheses and theories. Here we propose a unifying theory of autism, the Intense World Theory. The proposed neuropathology is hyper-functioning of local neural microcircuits, best characterized by hyper-reactivity and hyper-plasticity. Such hyper-functional microcircuits are speculated to become autonomous and memory trapped leading to the core cognitive consequences of hyper-perception, hyper-attention, hyper-memory and hyper-emotionality. The theory is centered on the neocortex and the amygdala, but could potentially be applied to all brain regions. The severity on each axis depends on the severity of the molecular syndrome expressed in different brain regions, which could uniquely shape the repertoire of symptoms of an autistic child. The progression of the disorder is proposed to be driven by overly strong reactions to experiences that drive the brain to a hyper-preference and overly selective state, which becomes more extreme with each new experience and may be particularly accelerated by emotionally charged experiences and trauma. This may lead to obsessively detailed information processing of fragments of the world and an involuntarily and systematic decoupling of the autist from what becomes a painfully intense world. The autistic is proposed to become trapped in a limited, but highly secure internal world with minimal extremes and surprises. We present the key studies that support this theory of autism, show how this theory can better explain past findings, and how it could resolve apparently conflicting data and interpretations. The theory also makes further predictions from the molecular to the behavioral levels, provides a treatment strategy and presents its own falsifying hypothesis.