Using geologic structures to constrain constitutive laws not accessible in the laboratory

Using geologic structures to constrain constitutive laws not accessible in the laboratory
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利用地质结构来约束实验室无法获得的本构定律

DOI:
10.1016/j.jsg.2018.06.006
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Pollard, David D.
Pollard, David D.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nevitt, Johanna M.;Warren, Jessica M.;Kumamoto, Kathryn M.;Pollard, David D.

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在这篇文章中,我们探讨了当今和可预见的未来构造地质学的一个中心问题,即确定控制岩石变形以产生地质构造的本构律。尽管实验室实验提供了关于本构律的急需的数据和见解,但这些实验不能涵盖与地质结构形成相关的条件和成分的范围。我们主张结构地质学家通过解释自然实验来解决这一局限性,用现场和微观结构数据记录,使用连续介质力学模型,使本构关系的推导。为了将这一过程置于历史背景中,我们回顾了世纪后期詹姆斯赫顿对构造地质学的创立,以及从牛顿到柯西对连续介质力学的开创性贡献,这些贡献为地质构造建模提供了工具。该程序说明了两个例子,从最近和正在进行的地壳和地幔岩性的实地调查。最后,我们指出未来的研究机会,将从事结构地质学家在追求本构关系在21世纪。
In this essay, we explore a central problem of structural geology today, and in the foreseeable future, which is the determination of constitutive laws governing rock deformation to produce geologic structures. Although laboratory experiments provide much needed data and insights about constitutive laws, these experiments cannot cover the range of conditions and compositions relevant to the formation of geologic structures. We advocate that structural geologists address this limitation by interpreting natural experiments, documented with field and microstructural data, using continuum mechanical models that enable the deduction of constitutive laws. To put this procedure into a historical context, we review the founding of structural geology by James Hutton in the late 18th century, and the seminal contributions to continuum mechanics from Newton to Cauchy that provide the tools to model geologic structures. The procedure is illustrated with two examples drawn from recent and on-going field investigations of crustal and mantle lithologies. We conclude by pointing to future research opportunities that will engage structural geologists in the pursuit of constitutive laws during the 21st century.
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