Spinal primitives and intra-spinal micro-stimulation (ISMS) based prostheses: a neurobiological perspective on the "known unknowns" in ISMS and future prospects.
Spinal primitives and intra-spinal micro-stimulation (ISMS) based prostheses: a neurobiological perspective on the "known unknowns" in ISMS and future prospects.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2015.00072
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Giszter SF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giszter SF
根据脊柱组织的神经生物学数据，从神经生物学角度对运动假体的输出运动模块、ISMS图、刺激组合效应和稳定性进行了综述。通过比较这些领域已发表的数据，综述确定了当前知识中的几个差距，这些差距对开发有效的椎管内神经假体至关重要。差距可以归类为缺乏系统和可重复的细节：(A)跨节段运动系统的ISM的地形和阈值，ISM自主招募的地形，以及实践中这两类输出之间的耦合关系。(B)在所有目标脊柱地形图上测试的ISMS运动反应的组成规则。(C)在自然诱发或ISMS触发行为中，ISMS效应对脊髓状态和神经动力学的依赖规律。(D)ISMS运动反应组成规则的可塑性，以及了解不同脊髓损伤状态、疾病状态和康复后ISMS地形图的可塑性。所有这些知识差距或多或少都需要新的电极技术，以便能够进行高密度的慢性记录和刺激。目前这种技术的缺乏可能解释了为什么目前ISMS文献中存在这些显著的差距。也有人认为，鉴于当前ISMS文献中的“已知未知数”，采用和开发控制方案可能是谨慎的，这种方案可以通过简单的叠加和赢家通吃的交互作用来管理当前的结果，但也可以纳入可能的塑性和随机动态交互作用，这些交互作用可能会在较长时间内出现在更全面的分析中，并且已经在一些更简单的模型系统中被注意到。
The current literature on Intra-Spinal Micro-Stimulation (ISMS) for motor prostheses is reviewed in light of neurobiological data on spinal organization, and a neurobiological perspective on output motor modularity, ISMS maps, stimulation combination effects, and stability. By comparing published data in these areas, the review identifies several gaps in current knowledge that are crucial to the development of effective intraspinal neuroprostheses. Gaps can be categorized into a lack of systematic and reproducible details of: (a) Topography and threshold for ISMS across the segmental motor system, the topography of autonomic recruitment by ISMS, and the coupling relations between these two types of outputs in practice. (b) Compositional rules for ISMS motor responses tested across the full range of the target spinal topographies. (c) Rules for ISMS effects' dependence on spinal cord state and neural dynamics during naturally elicited or ISMS triggered behaviors. (d) Plasticity of the compositional rules for ISMS motor responses, and understanding plasticity of ISMS topography in different spinal cord lesion states, disease states, and following rehabilitation. All these knowledge gaps to a greater or lesser extent require novel electrode technology in order to allow high density chronic recording and stimulation. The current lack of this technology may explain why these prominent gaps in the ISMS literature currently exist. It is also argued that given the “known unknowns” in the current ISMS literature, it may be prudent to adopt and develop control schemes that can manage the current results with simple superposition and winner-take-all interactions, but can also incorporate the possible plastic and stochastic dynamic interactions that may emerge in fuller analyses over longer terms, and which have already been noted in some simpler model systems.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
d'Avella, Andrea;Portone, Alessandro;Lacquaniti, Francesco
通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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