HUMAN MONKEYPOX - A NEWLY EMERGED ORTHOPOXVIRUS ZOONOSIS IN THE TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS OF AFRICA
HUMAN MONKEYPOX - A NEWLY EMERGED ORTHOPOXVIRUS ZOONOSIS IN THE TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS OF AFRICA
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.781
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
RUTI, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ARITA, I;JEZEK, Z;RUTI, K
在最近结束的天花根除计划中，发现了一种新的人类正痘病毒，它是由猴痘病毒（MP）引起的。这种疾病偶尔发生在西非和中非热带雨林中的偏远村庄。这种疾病是罕见的，从1970年至1987年仅报告了155例。人类MP的症状和体征与天花相似，仅在淋巴结病的发生方面与人类MP疾病有显著差异。在155例病例中，据信约80%是由一种迄今未知的动物宿主感染造成的;其余病例发生在未接种疫苗的密切接触者中，观察到其中15%的二次发病率。虽然在某些情况下似乎发生了人与人之间的传播，但在第三代或第四代传播中观察到的病例很少，此后没有观察到。自1982年以来，扎伊尔人MP感染的发病率有所增加，同时加强了监测计划。可能解释发病率增加的其他原因进行了讨论。对这种主要是人畜共患病的感染的进一步监测和研究是必要的，目前正在进行中。
During the course of the recently concluded smallpox eradication program, a new human Orthopoxvirus was discovered which is caused by monkeypox (MP) virus. The disease occurs sporadically in remote villages within tropical rain forests of West and Central Africa. The disease is rare; only 155 cases were reported from 1970-19873. The symptoms and signs of human MP resemble those of smallpox, differing significantly only in the occurrence of lymphadenopathy with human MP disease. Of 155 cases, some 80% are believed to have resulted from infection from an as yet unknown animal reservoir; the rest occurred among unvaccinated close contacts among whom a secondary attack rate of 15% was observed. Although person-to-person spread appears to have occurred in some instances, few cases were observed in 3rd or 4th generation of transmission and none thereafter. Since 1982, the incidence of human MP infections in Zaire has increased, concomitant with an intensified survelliance program. Additional reasons which might explain the increased incidence are discussed. Further surveillance and research of this primarily zoonotic infection are warranted and are in progress.