Reflexive orienting in response to eye gaze and an arrow in children with and without autism
Reflexive orienting in response to eye gaze and an arrow in children with and without autism
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00236.x
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Hasegawa, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Senju, A;Tojo, Y;Hasegawa, T
背景：本研究调查了在实验情境中，是否有另一个人的社会注意，特别是他们眼睛注视的方向，以及一个非社会定向线索，一个箭头，触发了自闭症儿童和非自闭症儿童的反射性定向。方法：自闭症儿童和典型发育儿童分别参加两项实验。这两个实验都涉及到定位出现在注视点左侧或右侧的目标。在目标出现之前，参与者的注意力被一个箭头或眼睛注视的方向提示向左或向右。结果：自闭症儿童的反应较慢，这表明两组儿童的认知能力略有不同。在实验1中，尽管参与者被指示忽略线索，并且只有50%的试验正确提示了目标，但无论线索是什么，两组儿童对有线索的目标的反应都明显快于对没有线索的目标的反应。在实验2中，孩子们被指示注意与提示相反的方向，只有20%的实验正确提示了目标。正常发育的儿童能更快地定位由眼睛注视提示的目标，而箭头提示在这些儿童中不会触发这种反射性定向。然而，社会和非社会线索都将注意力转移到自闭症儿童的线索位置上。结论：在正常发育儿童中，眼睛注视比箭头更有效地吸引注意，而自闭症儿童对眼睛注视和箭头方向的注意力转移反应相同，没有表现出对社会提示的优先敏感性。自闭症儿童在将控制注意力转移到指示侧方面也存在困难。
Background: This study investigated whether another person's social attention, specifically the direction of their eye gaze, and a non-social directional cue, an arrow, triggered reflexive orienting in children with and without autism in an experimental situation. Methods: Children with autism and typically developed children participated in one of two experiments. Both experiments involved the localization of a target that appeared to the left or right of the fixation point. Before the target appeared, the participant's attention was cued to the left or right by either an arrow or the direction of eye gaze on a computerized face. Results: Children with autism were slower to respond, which suggests a slight difference in the general cognitive ability of the groups. In Experiment 1, although the participants were instructed to disregard the cue and the target was correctly cued in only 50% of the trials, both groups of children responded significantly faster to cued targets than to uncued targets, regardless of the cue. In Experiment 2, children were instructed to attend to the direction opposite that of the cues and the target was correctly cued in only 20% of the trials. Typically developed children located targets cued by eye gaze more quickly, while the arrow cue did not trigger such reflexive orienting in these children. However, both social and non-social cues shifted attention to the cued location in children with autism. Conclusion: These results indicate that eye gaze attracted attention more effectively than the arrow in typically developed children, while children with autism shifted their attention equally in response to eye gaze and arrow direction, failing to show preferential sensitivity to the social cue. Difficulty in shifting controlled attention to the instructed side was also found in children with autism.