Long-Term Care System in Japan.
Long-Term Care System in Japan.
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DOI：
10.4235/agmr.20.0037
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发表时间：
2020-09
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Arai H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamada M;Arai H
日本于2000年推出了长期护理保险制度，以满足残疾老年人的需求，其基础是面向用户的社会保险制度，并支持独立性。具有LTCI服务需求认证的老年人可以根据其身体和认知障碍利用设施服务，家庭服务和社区服务。实施长期保险制度后，经证明符合长期保险服务需要的人数迅速增加，政府的财政负担也相应增加。因此，日本政府启动了一项残疾预防计划，除了在每个社区采取适当预防计划的高风险方法外，还通过Kihon检查表对老年人进行脆弱性筛查。在预防残疾的高风险方法效果不佳之后，政府将主要战略改为基于社区的人口战略，以建立一个向所有人无缝提供预防、医疗和长期护理以及福利和住房服务的社区。进一步完善以社区为基础的综合护理体系是实现超老龄社会健康老龄化的需要。
The long-term care insurance (LTCI) system was introduced in Japan in 2000 to address the demands of older persons with disabilities based on the concept of a user-oriented social insurance system with support for independence. Older people with a certification for LTCI service needs can utilize facility services, in-home services, and community-based services depending on their physical and cognitive impairments. After the implementation of the LTCI system, there was a rapid increase in persons certified for LTCI service needs, with a corresponding increase in the financial burden on the government. Therefore, the Japanese government started a disability prevention program in which older people were screened for frailty by the Kihon checklist in addition to a high-risk approach with appropriate prevention programs in each community. After unsatisfactory outcomes of the high-risk approach for disability prevention, the government changed the primary strategy to a community-based population strategy to build a community to seamlessly provide preventive, medical, and long-term care and welfare and housing services to all individuals. Further improvement of the community-based integrated care system is needed for healthy aging in a superaged society.