ALFALFA WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL - SPREADING THE BENEFITS
ALFALFA WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL - SPREADING THE BENEFITS
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DOI：
10.1093/ee/22.6.1234
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发表时间：
1993-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
SCHWALBE, CP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KINGSLEY, PC;BRYAN, MD;SCHWALBE, CP
Since 1980, >16 million parasites of Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) were distributed across the United States as part of the Alfalfa Weevil Biological Control Program. Two species of internal parasites, one of the larval stage, Bathyplectes anurus (Thomson) and one of the adult stage, Microctonus aethiopoides (Loan), were released in the largest numbers. A detection survey conducted by the USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, found that a second larval parasite, Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), had already spread throughout alfalfa-growing areas in the United States. Later, an establishment survey successfully recovered parasites in nearly half of the >700 counties where releases were made. Results from an evaluation survey indicated that the number of alfalfa weevil parasite species collected in surveyed fields in Iowa, Missouri, and Nebraska more then doubled from 1.3 to 3.0. Parasitism rates also increased in these states, whereas insecticide usage declined. However,
