Historical Perspectives in the Ambulance Service
Historical Perspectives in the Ambulance Service
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救护车服务的历史视角
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-18642-9_2
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
A. Pollock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Pollock
在人类历史的大部分时间里，对战争中的伤员或社区中的伤病者的照顾并不是将军或民政当局的人所关心的。虽然有过类似的做法，但这些做法并没有导致在战场或街道上提供救护车服务的普遍趋势。然后在1792年，拿破仑军队的一位外科医生设计了第一个良好的军事救护实践的三重系统，就地治疗伤员，迅速将他们从冲突地点运送出去，并提供安全的善后护理设施。1866年，纽约的一位医生组织了第一次通过电报呼叫的民用救护车服务，从而完成了现代救护车服务所基于的四个特征：专用团队，备用车辆，接待医院和电子通信。经过缓慢和不确定的开始，救护车开始使用独创性和技术创新拯救越来越多的生命。
For most of human history, the care of the wounded in war or the sick and injured in the community was not of great concern to generals or those in civil authority. Exceptions existed, but these did not lead to a general movement towards the provision of ambulance services on the battlefield or the street. Then in 1792, a surgeon in the Napoleonic army designed the first threefold system of good military ambulance practice, treating the wounded in situ, speedily transporting them from the place of conflict and providing a safe facility for aftercare. In 1866, a doctor in New York organised the first civil ambulance service which was summoned by telegraph, thereby completing the four features upon which modern ambulance services are based: dedicated teams, standby vehicles, reception hospitals and electronic communication. After slow and uncertain beginnings, ambulances began to save increasing numbers of lives using ingenuity and technological innovation.