Economic Properties of Data and the Monopolistic Tendencies of Data Economy: Policies to Limit An Orwellian Possibility
Economic Properties of Data and the Monopolistic Tendencies of Data Economy: Policies to Limit An Orwellian Possibility
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数据的经济属性和数据经济的垄断倾向：限制奥威尔式可能性的政策
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发表时间：
2020
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通讯作者：
Hoi Wai Jackie Cheng
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作者：
Hoi Wai Jackie Cheng
数据支持发展的潜力仅限于可收集和分析的数据的数量和种类，也就是说，数据几乎是无限的。然而，如果数据的巨大利益被社会中的少数人不成比例地获取，那么即使每个人都从数据的使用中受益，也很难实现不让任何人掉队-这是可持续发展目标的首要原则。本文讨论了数据经济中的关键数据属性和动态，这些属性和动态造成了垄断出现的趋势，加强了企业和其他行为者之间的不平衡力量，并产生了负面的分配影响。如果管理不善，向数据经济的转型最终可能成为一个已经高度不平等的世界中的不平等力量。在数据经济的背景下，本文对处理垄断的常见方法进行了批评。市场的自我纠正不太可能很快发生，但从效率和创新的角度来看，打破或国有化数据垄断是不可取的。加强数据所有权是重新平衡企业和数字主体之间权力不对称的关键，但需要克服数据估值的困难。本文的分析支持进一步探讨建立一个独立、负责任和前瞻性的数字权威机构的想法，该机构既有竞争目标，也有非竞争目标。
The potential of data for supporting development is bounded only by the amount and variety of data that can be collected and analyzed, which is to say it is almost infinite. However, if data’s vast benefits are disproportionately captured by few in the society, leaving no one behind – an overarching principle of the Sustainable Development Goals – would be difficult to attain, even when everyone benefits from the use of data. This paper discusses key data properties and dynamics in data economy that create the tendencies for monopolies to emerge, reinforcing unbalanced power between corporates and other actors and generating negative distributional implications. If mismanaged, transformation toward the data economy could end up being an unequalizing force in an already highly-unequal world. In the context of data economy, this paper presents critiques of the common approaches to deal with monopolies. Self-correction in market is unlikely to happen fast enough but breaking up or nationalizing data monopolies are undesirable from effectiveness and innovation perspectives. Strengthening data ownership is key to rebalancing the power asymmetry between corporates and digital subjects, but difficulty of data valuation needs to be overcome. Analyses in this paper support further exploring the idea of setting up an independent, accountable and forward-looking Digital Authority that has both competition and noncompetition goals.