Critical review of RDoC approaches to the study of motivation with animal models: effort valuation/willingness to work.
Critical review of RDoC approaches to the study of motivation with animal models: effort valuation/willingness to work.
复制标题
对动物模型动机研究 RDoC 方法的批判性审查：努力评估/工作意愿。
DOI：
10.1042/etls20220008
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Correa,Merce
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Salamone,JohnD;Correa,Merce
NIMH研究领域标准（RDoC）的方法被煽动重新集中精神健康研究的神经回路，介导心理功能，与想法，这将促进特定的精神功能障碍（即“症状和电路”）的神经基础的理解，并最终促进治疗。作为一个总体思路，这种尝试超越传统的诊断类别，专注于与跨越多种疾病的特定症状相关的神经回路功能障碍，具有许多优势。例如，动机功能障碍存在于多种疾病中，包括抑郁症、精神分裂症、帕金森病和其他病症。动机的一个关键方面是对工作的评价/意愿，一些临床研究已经确定了不同患者群体基于努力的决策的改变。与此同时，正式的动物模型专注于努力和努力为基础的决策已经开发出来。本文回顾了文献模型的努力为基础的动机功能的RDoC方法的讨论的背景下，强调动机的不同方面的可分离的性质。例如，与抑郁症和精神分裂症相关的疾病削弱了对高努力活动的选择，这是通过动物模型中的几项任务来测量的（例如，压杠杆、爬障碍物、跑轮子）。然而，这些操纵也留下了享乐反应，食物动机和强化的基本方面完好无损。这种效应模式表明，RDoC对介导行为病理的神经回路的特异性以及这些功能障碍的解离性质的一般强调是一个有效的概念。然而，将与努力相关的过程简单地作为“奖励处理”的“子结构”的具体位置在经验上和概念上都是有问题的。因此，虽然RDoC是一个很好的通用框架，为新的方法来研究和治疗，它仍然需要进一步完善。
The NIMH research domain criteria (RDoC) approach was instigated to refocus mental health research on the neural circuits that mediate psychological functions, with the idea that this would foster an understanding of the neural basis of specific psychiatric dysfunctions (i.e. ‘symptoms and circuits’) and ultimately facilitate treatment. As a general idea, this attempt to go beyond traditional diagnostic categories and focus on neural circuit dysfunctions related to specific symptoms spanning multiple disorders has many advantages. For example, motivational dysfunctions are present in multiple disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and other conditions. A critical aspect of motivation iseffort valuation/willingness to work, and several clinical studies have identified alterations in effort-based decision making in various patient groups. In parallel, formal animal models focusing on the exertion of effort and effort-based decision making have been developed. This paper reviews the literature on models of effort-based motivational function in the context of a discussion of the RDoC approach, with an emphasis on the dissociable nature of distinct aspects of motivation. For example, conditions associated with depression and schizophrenia blunt the selection of high-effort activities as measured by several tasks in animal models (e.g. lever pressing, barrier climbing, wheel running). Nevertheless, these manipulations also leave fundamental aspects of hedonic reactivity, food motivation, and reinforcement intact. This pattern of effects demonstrates that the general emphasis of the RDoC on the specificity of the neural circuits mediating behavioral pathologies, and the dissociative nature of these dysfunctions, is a valid concept. Nevertheless, the specific placement of effort-related processes as simply a ‘sub-construct' of ‘reward processing' is empirically and conceptually problematic. Thus, while the RDoC is an excellent general framework for new ways to approach research and therapeutics, it still needs further refinement.