Spatiotemporal genotype replacement of H5N8 avian influenza viruses contributed to H5N1 emergence in 2021/2022 panzootic
Spatiotemporal genotype replacement of H5N8 avian influenza viruses contributed to H5N1 emergence in 2021/2022 panzootic
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.01401-23
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发表时间：
2024-02-15
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Pu，Juan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zeng，Jinfeng;Du，Fanshu;Pu，Juan
2020年以来，进化枝2.3.4.4b高致病性禽流感H5 N8和H5 N1病毒席卷各大洲，对全球构成严重威胁。通过对流行病学、遗传学和鸟类迁徙数据的综合分析，我们发现2020年H5 N8病毒的优势基因型替换导致了2021/2022年H5 N1疫情的爆发。2020年爆发的H5 N8 G1基因型而不是G 0基因型产生了重配机会，并导致出现了具有G1 HA和MP基因的新H5 N1病毒。尽管H5 N1病毒在2021/2022年的疫情中大规模复发，但它保留了HA和MP基因，在欧洲和北美造成了重大疫情。进一步，我们通过对野生鸟类迁徙飞行道的调查发现，H5 N8 G1病毒暴发与鸟类秋季迁徙的时空重合，可能扩大了H5病毒的传播，这可能是2020-2022年H5泛动物流行出现的主要驱动力之一。重要提示：2020年以来，进化枝2.3.4.4b的高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5亚型变异体已遍布各大洲，对全球构成前所未有的威胁。然而，促进H5高致病性禽流感病毒发生和传播的因素仍不清楚。在这里，我们发现H5 N8高致病性禽流感病毒的时空基因型替换促成了导致2021/2022年泛动物病的H5 N1变异体的出现，埃及及周边地区家禽中的病毒进化以及秋季鸟类从俄罗斯-哈萨克斯坦地区迁徙到欧洲是2020-2022年H5泛动物病出现的重要驱动因素。这些发现为早期预警提供了重要的目标，并有助于控制当前和未来的HPAI流行。
Since 2020, clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 viruses have swept through continents, posing serious threats to the world. Through comprehensive analyses of epidemiological, genetic, and bird migration data, we found that the dominant genotype replacement of the H5N8 viruses in 2020 contributed to the H5N1 outbreak in the 2021/2022 wave. The 2020 outbreak of the H5N8 G1 genotype instead of the G0 genotype produced reassortment opportunities and led to the emergence of a new H5N1 virus with G1’s HA and MP genes. Despite extensive reassortments in the 2021/2022 wave, the H5N1 virus retained the HA and MP genes, causing a significant outbreak in Europe and North America. Furtherly, through the wild bird migration flyways investigation, we found that the temporal–spatial coincidence between the outbreak of the H5N8 G1 virus and the bird autumn migration may have expanded the H5 viral spread, which may be one of the main drivers of the emergence of the 2020–2022 H5 panzootic.IMPORTANCESince 2020, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 subtype variants of clade 2.3.4.4b have spread across continents, posing unprecedented threats globally. However, the factors promoting the genesis and spread of H5 HPAI viruses remain unclear. Here, we found that the spatiotemporal genotype replacement of H5N8 HPAI viruses contributed to the emergence of the H5N1 variant that caused the 2021/2022 panzootic, and the viral evolution in poultry of Egypt and surrounding area and autumn bird migration from the Russia–Kazakhstan region to Europe are important drivers of the emergence of the 2020–2022 H5 panzootic. These findings provide important targets for early warning and could help control the current and future HPAI epidemics.