Shipping in Inuit Nunangat - Governance Challenges and Approaches in Canadian Arctic Waters
Shipping in Inuit Nunangat - Governance Challenges and Approaches in Canadian Arctic Waters
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因纽特人努南加特的航运 - 加拿大北极水域的治理挑战和方法
DOI：
10.1163/9789004508576_010
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kikkert P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kikkert P
在因纽特努南加特，船只交通增加、海床未知、冰灾的存在、极端天气和缺乏经验的操作员增加了海上运输事故和随之而来的大规模救援行动(MRO)的风险。海洋MRO S是低概率、高后果的场景，无论发生在哪里，都是复杂和具有挑战性的。在因纽特·努南加特，严峻的环境条件、有限的支助基础设施、当地医疗能力不足以及可请求援助的机会船只减少，加剧了挑战。也许最严重的挑战是时间和距离的专制带来的挑战。鉴于涉及的遥远距离和加拿大主要搜救资产在该国南部地区的位置，现场搜救资源的到达可能需要大量时间。在本章中，我们认为基于社区的组织(CBO S)在海洋MRO期间将在海上和岸上扮演有价值的力量倍增器。我们利用努纳武特社区响应人员参与的大规模救援桌面演习的结果、后续访谈和额外的基于情景的讨论来开发国会预算办公室S可以履行的职能。我们还提供了一份路线图，说明如何最好地让社区响应人员做好承担这些角色的准备，并确保他们的能力反映在相关的大规模救援和紧急计划中。
In Inuit Nunangat, increased vessel traffic, uncharted seabed, the presence of ice hazards, extreme weather, and inexperienced operators increase the risk of marine transportation accidents and concomitant mass rescue operations (MRO). Marine MRO s are low-probability, high-consequence scenarios that are complex and challenging wherever they occur. In Inuit Nunangat, challenges are exacerbated by austere environmental conditions, limited support infrastructure, inadequate local medical capacity, and fewer vessels of opportunity that can be called upon for assistance. Perhaps the most serious challenges are those posed by the tyranny of time and distance. Given the vast distances involved and the position of Canada’s primary search and rescue assets in the southern parts of the country, the arrival of SAR resources on-scene can take significant time. In this chapter, we argue that community-based organizations (CBO s) would act as valuable force multipliers both at sea and shoreside during a marine MRO. We use the results of a mass rescue tabletop exercise involving community responders from Nunavut, follow-up interviews, and additional scenario-based discussions to develop the functions that CBO s could perform. We also provide a roadmap for how to best prepare community responders to take on these roles and to ensure that their capabilities are reflected in relevant mass rescue and emergency plans.