Health effects of radiation and other health problems in the aftermath of nuclear accidents, with an emphasis on Fukushima
Health effects of radiation and other health problems in the aftermath of nuclear accidents, with an emphasis on Fukushima
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61106-0
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Chhem, Rethy K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hasegawa, Arifumi;Tanigawa, Koichi;Chhem, Rethy K.
目前，全世界有437座核电站在运行，以满足日益增长的能源需求。不幸的是，过去发生了五次重大核事故，即Kyshtym（俄罗斯[当时的苏联]，1957年），Windscale Piles（英国，1957年），三里岛（美国，1979年），切尔诺贝利（乌克兰[当时的苏联]，1986年）和福岛（日本，2011年）。这些事故对个人和社会的影响是多样和持久的。关于辐射对原子弹爆炸幸存者和其他受辐射影响的人的健康影响的累积证据已成为关于辐射防护的国家和国际条例的基础。然而，过去的经验表明，共同的问题不一定是直接归因于辐射照射的身体健康问题，而是心理和社会影响。此外，疏散和长期流离失所给医院住院病人和老年人等最弱势群体造成了严重的保健问题。
437 nuclear power plants are in operation at present around the world to meet increasing energy demands. Unfortunately, five major nuclear accidents have occurred in the past-ie, at Kyshtym (Russia [ then USSR], 1957), Windscale Piles (UK, 1957), Three Mile Island (USA, 1979), Chernobyl (Ukraine [ then USSR], 1986), and Fukushima (Japan, 2011). The effects of these accidents on individuals and societies are diverse and enduring. Accumulated evidence about radiation health effects on atomic bomb survivors and other radiation-exposed people has formed the basis for national and international regulations about radiation protection. However, past experiences suggest that common issues were not necessarily physical health problems directly attributable to radiation exposure, but rather psychological and social effects. Additionally, evacuation and long-term displacement created severe health-care problems for the most vulnerable people, such as hospital inpatients and elderly people.