Adjuvants: Classification, Modus Operandi, and Licensing.
Adjuvants: Classification, Modus Operandi, and Licensing.
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DOI：
10.1155/2016/1459394
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Rosa DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Apostólico Jde S;Lunardelli VA;Coirada FC;Boscardin SB;Rosa DS
接种疫苗是预防传染病最有效的策略之一。虽然亚单位疫苗更安全，但免疫原性差，因此强烈建议使用佐剂。自世纪初发现以来，佐剂已被用于改善免疫应答，最终导致对疾病的保护。佐剂的选择至关重要，因为它可以刺激保护性免疫。其作用机制现已被揭示。我们对免疫系统和保护相关因素的了解不断增加，这有助于开发针对全球感染的新疫苗制剂。然而，很少有佐剂被许可用于人类疫苗，并且现在正在临床试验中评估几种制剂。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了最知名的佐剂在实验和临床环境中使用的主要作用机制的基础上，还强调了新的疫苗制剂的许可证的要求。
Vaccination is one of the most efficient strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases. Although safer, subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic and for this reason the use of adjuvants is strongly recommended. Since their discovery in the beginning of the 20th century, adjuvants have been used to improve immune responses that ultimately lead to protection against disease. The choice of the adjuvant is of utmost importance as it can stimulate protective immunity. Their mechanisms of action have now been revealed. Our increasing understanding of the immune system, and of correlates of protection, is helping in the development of new vaccine formulations for global infections. Nevertheless, few adjuvants are licensed for human vaccines and several formulations are now being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we briefly describe the most well known adjuvants used in experimental and clinical settings based on their main mechanisms of action and also highlight the requirements for licensing new vaccine formulations.