Disfluencies affect the parsing of garden-path sentences
Disfluencies affect the parsing of garden-path sentences
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DOI：
10.1016/s0749-596x(03)00027-5
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发表时间：
2003-08-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Ferreira, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bailey, KGD;Ferreira, F
自发言语在几个方面不同于心理语言学实验中经常研究的句子。一个重要的区别是，自然产生的话语往往包含不流利。在这项研究中，我们研究了口语句子中“uh”的存在如何影响分配句法结构的过程（即，解析）。四个实验报告。在第一个实验中，参与者判断句子的语法性，这些句子在歧义短语的中心名词之前或之后（例如，Sandra撞到了服务员，服务员告诉她要小心，或者Sandra撞到了服务员，服务员告诉她要小心。后一种情况下的句子被判断为语法不太常见。这个结果在第二个实验中得到了复制，在这个实验中，不流利的声音被环境声音所取代。这些发现表明，中断可以影响句法分析，中断的内容不一定是speechlike。在实验3和4中，我们测试了这些影响是否发生，因为听众使用中断作为线索，以帮助解决结构歧义。后两个语法判断任务的结果表明，当一个中断出现在一个歧义名词短语之前，分词者更有可能认为这个名词短语是一个新的子句的主语，而不是一个旧的宾语，而且，它似乎是相对不敏感的中断的形式。我们的结论是，不流利可以影响解析器通过信号一个特定的结构，在同一时间，对于解析器，一个不流利可能是任何中断的语音流。(C)2003 Elsevier Science（美国）。All rights reserved.
Spontaneous speech differs in several ways from the sentences often studied in psycholinguistics experiments. One important difference is that naturally produced utterances often contain disfluencies. In this study, we examined how the presence of "uh" in a spoken sentence might affect processes that assign syntactic structure (i.e., parsing). Four experiments are reported. In the first, participants judged the grammaticality of sentences that had disfluencies either right before the head noun of the ambiguous phrase or after (e.g., Sandra bumped into the busboy and the uh uh waiter told her to be careful or Sandra bumped into the busboy and the waiter uh uh told her to be careful). Sentences in the latter condition were judged grammatical less often. This result was replicated in the second experiment, in which disfluencies were replaced with environmental sounds. These findings suggest that interruptions can affect syntactic parsing, and the content of the interruption need not be speechlike. In Experiments 3 and 4 we tested whether these effects occurred because listeners use interruptions as cues to help resolve a structural ambiguity. Results from these latter two grammaticality judgment tasks suggest that when an interruption occurs before an ambiguous noun phrase, comprehenders are more likely to assume that the noun phrase is the subject of a new clause rather than the object of an old one, and furthermore, it appears that the parser is relatively insensitive to the form of the interruption. We conclude that disfluencies can influence the parser by signaling a particular structure; at the same time, for the parser, a disfluency might be any interruption to the flow of speech. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.