ATG genes involved in non-selective autophagy are conserved from yeast to man, but the selective Cvt and pexophagy pathways also require organism-specific genes
ATG genes involved in non-selective autophagy are conserved from yeast to man, but the selective Cvt and pexophagy pathways also require organism-specific genes
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DOI：
10.4161/auto.3595
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Kiel, Jan A. K. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meijer, Wiebe H.;van der Klei, Ida J.;Kiel, Jan A. K. W.
ATG基因编码大自噬、Cvt途径和/或pexophagy所需的蛋白质。使用已公布的Atg蛋白序列，我们筛选了蛋白质和DNA数据库，以确定推定的功能同源物（直系同源物）在21种真菌（酵母和丝状真菌）的基因组序列是可用的。为了与高等真核生物中的Atg蛋白进行比较，还包括对拟南芥和智人数据库的分析。该分析表明，非选择性大自噬所需的Atg蛋白从酵母到人都是保守的，强调了该过程在细胞存活和活力中的重要性。助理拟南芥和人类基因组编码多种与特定真菌Atg蛋白（旁系同源物）高度相似的蛋白，可能代表细胞类型特异性同种型。与Cvt途径和/或pexophagy特异相关的Atg蛋白保守性较差，并且通常不存在于A.此外，Cvt货物的受体Atg 19仅在酿酒酵母中检测到。然而，Atg 11，一种将受体结合的货物（过氧化物酶体，Cvt复合物）与自噬机制联系起来的蛋白质，在所有研究中的酵母菌和丝状真菌中都被鉴定出来。这表明，在真菌中可能会发生一种生物体特异性的选择性自噬形式，专门的Atg蛋白已经进化出来。
ATG genes encode proteins that are required for macroautophagy, the Cvt pathway and/or pexophagy. Using the published Atg protein sequences, we have screened protein and DNA databases to identify putative functional homologs (orthologs) in 21 fungal species (yeast and filamentous fungi) of which the genome sequences were available. For comparison with Atg proteins in higher eukaryotes, also an analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana and Homo sapiens databases was included. This analysis demonstrated that Atg proteins required for non-selective macroautophagy are conserved from yeast to man, stressing the importance of this process in cell survival and viability. The A. thaliana and human genomes encode multiple proteins highly similar to specific fungal Atg proteins (paralogs), possibly representing cell type-specific isoforms. The Atg proteins specifically involved in the Cvt pathway and/or pexophagy showed poor conservation, and were generally not present in A. thaliana and man. Furthermore, Atg 19, the receptor of Cvt cargo, was only detected in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nevertheless, Atg11, a protein that links receptor-bound cargo (peroxisomes, the Cvt complex) to the autophagic machinery was identified in all yeast species and filamentous fungi under study. This suggests that in fungi an organism-specific form of selective autophagy may occur, for which specialized Atg proteins have evolved.