Long-term functional consequences and ongoing cerebral inflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat.
Long-term functional consequences and ongoing cerebral inflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0090584
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Heijnen CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kooijman E;Nijboer CH;van Velthoven CT;Mol W;Dijkhuizen RM;Kesecioglu J;Heijnen CJ
蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH) 是一个严重的健康问题，在西方社会每年每 10 万人中有 6-7 人患有蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)。我们使用 Wistar 大鼠的血管内穿刺模型研究了 SAH 对行为、神经炎症以及灰质和白质损伤的长期影响。根据SAH后24小时的急性神经功能评分将大鼠分为轻度或重度SAH组。 48 小时后尸检大脑中确定的出血程度与急性神经评分密切相关。严重 SAH 诱导损伤后 48 小时 TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、MCP-1、MIP2、CINC-1 mRNA 表达增加和皮质中性粒细胞流入增加。根据 Iba-1 染色（小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞）和 GFAP（星形胶质细胞）测定，SAH 后的神经炎症非常持久，并且在第 21 天仍然存在。长期神经炎症与 SAH 的严重程度密切相关。 SAH 后 21 天，通过 MAP2 和 MBP 的免疫组织化学观察脑灰质和白质损伤。严重的蛛网膜下腔出血会引起严重的灰质和白质损伤。第 21 天的 MAP2 损失与 SAH 后 24 小时测定的急性神经评分显着相关。感觉运动行为（由粘合剂去除任务和 von Frey 测试确定）在严重 SAH 后第 21 天受到影响。总之，我们是第一个证明 SAH 会诱发持续皮质炎症的人。此外，SAH 主要引起皮层长期脑损伤，这与长期感觉运动损伤有关。
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a considerable health problem with an incidence of 6–7 per 100.000 individuals per year in Western society. We investigated the long-term consequences of SAH on behavior, neuroinflammation and gray- and white-matter damage using an endovascular puncture model in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into a mild or severe SAH group based on their acute neurological score at 24 h post-SAH. The degree of hemorrhage determined in post-mortem brains at 48 h strongly correlated with the acute neurological score. Severe SAH induced increased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, MCP-1, MIP2, CINC-1 mRNA expression and cortical neutrophil influx at 48 h post-insult. Neuroinflammation after SAH was very long-lasting and still present at day 21 as determined by Iba-1 staining (microglia/macrophages) and GFAP (astrocytes). Long-term neuroinflammation was strongly associated with the degree of severity of SAH. Cerebral damage to gray- and white-matter was visualized by immunohistochemistry for MAP2 and MBP at 21 days after SAH. Severe SAH induced significant gray- and white-matter damage. MAP2 loss at day 21 correlated significantly with the acute neurological score determined at 24 h post-SAH. Sensorimotor behavior, determined by the adhesive removal task and von Frey test, was affected after severe SAH at day 21. In conclusion, we are the first to show that SAH induces ongoing cortical inflammation. Moreover, SAH induces mainly cortical long-term brain damage, which is associated with long-term sensorimotor damage.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Nijboer, Cora H. A.;Kavelaars, Annemieke;Heijnen, Cobi J.
通讯作者：
Heijnen, Cobi J.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Jeon, H.;Ai, J.;Macdonald, R. L.
通讯作者：
Macdonald, R. L.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Iseda, Keiichi;Ono, Shigeki;Date, Isao
通讯作者：
Date, Isao
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Dietmann, Anelia;Lackner, Peter;Beer, Ronny
通讯作者：
Beer, Ronny
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Mathiesen, T;Edner, G;Andersson, B
通讯作者：
Andersson, B