Democracy and proportionality
Democracy and proportionality
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民主和相称性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Fleurbaey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harry Brighouse;M. Fleurbaey
然而，众所周知，民主是充满困难的。特别是，民主平等通常与多数人统治的某些使用有关，因此与相关的难题有关：不受约束的多数可能压迫少数并粉碎基本的自由权利；多数周期可能导致混乱的决策。多数决定的这种可能的不公平和不一致质疑了民主作为一种规范理想的地位，并使民主与社会正义的自由主义理论之间的关系复杂化。人们常常认为，民主与正义之间存在着紧张关系，尽管平等的价值在两者中都发挥着核心作用。2 .在本条中，我们建议以比例原则代替平等原则。简而言之，这里考察的民主的基本原则是，权力应该按照人们在考虑的决策中的利益比例分配。在这里，利害关系衡量人们的利益如何受到决策中可用选项的影响，并从人类繁荣的角度来理解，而不是从狭隘的财务角度来理解——我们将捍卫利益应该与社会概念联系起来进行评估的论点
democracy is, however, known to be plagued with difficulties. In particular, democratic equality is typically associated with some use of the majority rule, and is thereby linked to the related conundrums: unleashed majorities may oppress minorities and crush basic liberal rights; majority cycles may lead to chaotic decisions. Such likely unfairness and inconsistency of majoritarian decisions question the status of democracy as a normative ideal and complicate the relationship between democracy and liberal theories of social justice. It is often considered that there is a tension between democracy and justice, in spite of the central role played by the value of equality in both. 2 In this article we propose to replace the principle of equality by a principle of proportionality. In a nutshell, the basic principle of democracy that is examined here states that power should be distributed in proportion to people’s stakes in the decision under consideration. Stakes, here, measure how people’s interests are affected by the options available in the decision, and are understood in terms of human flourishing rather than in narrow financial terms—we will defend the thesis that interests should be evaluated in connection with a conception of social